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©The Author(s) 1996.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 25, 1996; 2(1): 9-12
Published online Mar 25, 1996. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v2.i1.9
Published online Mar 25, 1996. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v2.i1.9
Table 1 Anamnestic data and endoscopic findings
Parameter | Gastroesophageal reflux patients with esophagitis (n = 228) | Gastroesophageal reflux patients without esophagitis (n = 172) | Healthy controls (n = 100) |
Age, yr | 52 ± 18.3 | 46 ± 7.5 | 48 ± 9.4 |
Sex, male/female | 158/70 | 122/50 | 60/40 |
Duration, yr | 12.4 ± 3.2 | 8.1 ± 3.8 | |
GER symptoms, % | 100 | 100 | 0 |
Smoker, % | 54.3 | 44.2 | 35 |
Alcohol consumer, % | 25 | 20.3 | 22 |
Hiatal hernia, % | 18.4 | 11.0 | 2.0 |
Grade of esophagitis, % | |||
I - II | 72.3 | 0 | 0 |
III - IV | 27.7 | 0 | 0 |
Table 2 Reflux episodes and pH fluctuations in gastroesophageal reflux patients (¯x ± s)
Group | pH fluctuations | Reflux episodes | ||||
n | Duration, min | Time, % 24 h | n | Duration, min | Time, % 24 h | |
Gastroesophageal reflux patients with | ||||||
Esophagitis | ||||||
Total | 67 ± 46 | 191.7 ± 118.9 | 12.7 ± 6.5b | 22 ± 31 | 45.4 ± 110.6 | 3.1 ± 7.5b |
Day | 55 ± 34 | 124.0 ± 97.5 | 8.2 ± 4.6b | 15 ± 13 | 19.1 ± 58.7 | 1.3 ± 2.7b |
Night | 12 ± 8 | 50.1 ± 35.4 | 3.3 ± 4.5b | 7 ± 10 | 22.8 ± 64.7 | 1.5 ± 4.8b |
GER patients without | ||||||
Esophagitis | ||||||
Total | 50 ± 18 | 130.4 ± 57.5 | 9.5 ± 2.8b | 14 ± 14 | 27.4 ± 68.3 | 2.0 ± 5.0b |
Day | 41 ± 14 | 94.0 ± 35.7 | 6.8 ± 3.5b | 11 ± 7 | 18.8 ± 45.2 | 1.4 ± 12.9b |
Night | 9 ± 8 | 36.3 ± 26.4 | 2.6 ± 3.1b | 3 ± 6 | 8.6 ± 24.7 | 0.6 ± 2.2b |
Healthy controls | ||||||
Total | 23 ± 16 | 41.3 ± 30.7 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 3 ± 3 | 3.0 ± 5.7 | 0.2 ± 0.4 |
Day | 20 ± 11 | 37.3 ± 24.1 | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 2 ± 2 | 2.0 ± 2.4 | 0.1 ± 0.2 |
Night | 3 ± 5 | 4.1 ± 3.9 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 1 ± 1 | 1.0 ± 2.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
Table 3 Correlations between the percentages of the time with pH fluctuations/reflux episodes and the total duration and numbers of episodes
Group | Total duration | Total number | ||
r | P | r | P | |
Gastroesophageal reflux patients with esophagitis | ||||
Time (%) with pH fluctuations | 0.92 | < 0.01 | 0.53 | < 0.01 |
Time (%) with reflux episodes | 0.67 | < 0.01 | 0.65 | < 0.01 |
GER patients without esophagitis | ||||
Time (%) with pH fluctuations | 0.88 | < 0.01 | 0.29 | > 0.05 |
Time (%) with reflux episodes | 0.42 | < 0.05 | 0.45 | < 0.01 |
Controls | ||||
Time (%) with pH fluctuations | 0.98 | < 0.01 | 0.82 | < 0.01 |
Time (%) with reflux episodes | 0.62 | < 0.01 | 0.46 | < 0.05 |
Table 4 Sensitivity and specificity of pH fluctuations and reflux episodes for the diagnosis of abnormal gastroesophageal reflux
Threshold, % | Sensitivity, % | ||
gastroesophageal reflux patients with esophagitis | gastroesophageal reflux patients without esophagitis | ||
pH fluctuations | < 6.7 | 93.7 | 93.3 |
Reflux episodes | < 0.1 | 96.7 | 90.0 |
Combination | 96.7 | 90.0 |
- Citation: Zhu HM, Porro GB, Sangaletti O, Pace F. Thresholds of gastroesophageal reflux for diagnosis of esophageal reflux diseases. World J Gastroenterol 1996; 2(1): 9-12
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v2/i1/9.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v2.i1.9