Clinical and experimental study on gastric mucosal pathology, gene expression, cAMP and trace elements of pixu patients

Table 1 Comparison of pathologic changes in non-focal gastric mucosa between the different spleen deficiency types(n, %)

Pathologic changes in non-focal gastric mucosa	Deficiency of spleen energy (n= 31)	Spleen deficiency with energy stagnation (n= 36)
	Gastric antrum cases (%)	Body of stomach cases	Gastric antrum cases	Body of stomach cases
Focal chronic superficial inflammatory lesion	31 (100.0)	31 (100.0)	36 (100.0)	36 (100.0)
Focal chronic atrophic inflammatory lesion	19 (61.3)	12 (38.7)	32 (88.9)	29 (80.6)
Focal intestinal metaplasia	12 (38.8)	13 (41.9)	25 (69.4)	30 (83.3)
Micro-ulcer	18 (58.1)	9 (29.0)	17 (47.2)	28 (77.8)

Table 2 Comparison of incidence rates of gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia subtypes between the different spleen deficiency types (n, %)

	Gastric cancer	Intestinal metaplasia	Small intestinal metaplasia		Colonic intestinal metaplasia
			Complete	Incomplete	Complete	Incomplete
	Deficiency of spleen energy (n = 31)	8 (25.81)					15 (48.39)	6 (19.35)	5 (16.13)	2 (6.45)	2 (6.15)
Spleen deficiency with energy stagnation (n = 36)	20 (55.56)	33 (91.66)	4 (11.11)	5 (13.89)	7 (19.44)	17 (47.22)

Table 3 Quantitative changes of cAMP, DNA, Zn, Cu, ZnO and CuO levels in gastric mucosa from the various intestinal metaplasia groups

Intestinal metaplasia	cAMP	DNA	Zn	ZnO	Cu	CuO
1 Non-intestinal metaplasia	15.63 ± 1.06 (n = 15)	10.95 ± 1.32 (n = 9)	3.27 ± 0.61 (n = 14)	1.62 ± 0.64 (n = 14)	4.66 ± 0.62 (n = 14)	2.67 ± 0.53 (n = 14)
2 Small intestinal metaplasia	9.55 ± 1.62 (n = 20)	15.62 ± 5.04 (n = 13)	2.44 ± 0.44 (n = 11)	0.71 ± 0.10 (n = 11)	3.51 ± 0.66 (n = 11)	1.62 ± 0.32 (n = 11)
P value	< 0.001	< 0.01	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.01	< 0.001
3 Colonic intestinal metaplasia	4.35 ± 0.93 (n = 22)	29.99 ± 12.41 (n = 17)	1.51 ± 0.51 (n = 16)	0.31 ± 0.09 (n = 16)	2.48 ± 0.68 (n = 16)	1.07 ± 0.09 (n = 16)
NO 1:3 P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.01	< 0.001
NO 2:3 P	< 0.001	< 0.00	< 0.001	< 0.0	< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 4 Quantitative changes of cAMP, DNA, Zn, Cu, ZnO and CuO levels in gastric mucosa of the different intestinal metaplasia subtypes

		Complete	Incomplete	P value
Colonic intestinal metaplasia	cAMP	5.96 ± 0.42 (n = 9)	2.74 ± 0.64 (n = 13)	< 0.001
Small intestinal metaplasia	cAMP	12.31 ± 1.51 (n = 10)	6.78 ± 1.80 (n = 10)
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Colonic intestinal metaplasia	DNA	19.53 ± 9.55 (n = 6)	35.71 ± 9.79 (n = 117)	< 0.01
Small intestinal metaplasia	DNA	11.06 ± 0.99 (n = 9)	20.17 ± 4.78 (n = 4)
P value		< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.01
Colonic intestinal metaplasia	Zn	1.77 ± 0.48 (n = 6)	1.25 ± 0.32 (n = 10)	< 0.05
Small intestinal metaplasia	Zn	2.82 ± 0.50 (n = 6)	2.06 ± 0.41 (n = 5)	< 0.05
P value		< 0.01	< 0.01
Colonic intestinal metaplasia	ZnO	0.57 ± 0.10 (n = 6)	0.25 ± 0.08 (n = 10)	< 0.001
Small intestinal metaplasia	ZnO	1.01 ± 0.20 (n = 6)	0.41 ± 0.16 (n = 5)	< 0.001
P value		< 0.001	< 0.05
Colonic intestinal metaplasia	Cu	2.78 ± 0.70 (n = 6)	2.11 ± 0.40 (n = 10)	< 0.05
Small intestinal metaplasia	Cu	3.86 ± 0.51 (n = 6)	3.11 ± 0.50 (n = 5)	< 0.05
P value		< 0.05	< 0.01
Colonic intestinal metaplasia	CuO	1.56 ± 0.13 (n = 6)	0.58 ± 0.05 (n = 10)	< 0.001
Small intestinal metaplasia	CuO	2.41 ± 0.43 (n = 6)	0.83 ± 0.21 (n = 5)	< 0.001
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 5 Quantitative changes of cAMP, DNA, Zn, Cu, ZnO and CuO levels in gastric mucosa of the different spleen deficiency types and gastric diseases

		Deficiency of spleen energy	Spleen deficiency with energy stagnation	P value
Gastric cancer	cAMP	8.34 ± 1.23 (n = 8)	4.15 ± 1.36 (n = 14)	< 0.001
Benign gastric disease	cAMP	12.62 ± 1.87 (n = 20)	7.61 ± 1.84 (n = 15)	< 0.001
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Gastric cancer	DNA	26.54 ± 3.94 (n = 4)	36.11 ± 9.75 (n = 11)	< 0.05
Benign gastric disease	DNA	10.72 ± 0.92 (n = 15)	13.84 ± 3.52 (n = 9)	< 0.05
P value		< 0.05	< 0.01
Gastric cancer	Zn	1.60 ± 0.01 (n = 1)	1.24 ± 0.23 (n = 10)	< 0. 001
Benign gastric disease	Zn	3.19 ± 0.17 (n = 15)	2.40 ± 0.83 (n = 15)	< 0.001
P value		< 0.01	< 0.001
Gastric cancer	ZnO	0.71 ± 0.02 (n = 1)	0.27 ± 0.17 (n = 10)	< 0.001
Benign gastric disease	ZnO	1.57 ± 0.11 (n = 15)	1.18 ± 0.33 (n = 15)	< 0.001
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Gastric cancer	Cu	2.68 ± 0.03 (n = 1)	2.20 ± 0.57 (n = 10)	< 0.05
Benign gastric disease	Cu	4.66 ± 0.33 (n = 15)	3.63 ± 1.21 (n = 15)	< 0.01
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001
Gastric cancer	CuO	1.36 ± 0.03 (n = 1)	0.91 ± 0.19 (n = 10)	< 0.001
Benign gastric disease	CuO	2.51 ± 0.26 (n = 15)	1.91 ± 0.43 (n = 15)	< 0.001
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001