Study of risk factors for gastric cancer by populational databases analysis

Table 1 List of countries categorized by extreme incidences

< P25	Incidence	> P75	Incidence
Botswana	0.2	Chinese Taipei	15.6
Namibia	0.7	Poland	15.6
Malawi	0.8	Singapore	15.8
Lesotho	0.9	Austria	15.9
Sudan	1.0	Bosnia and Herzegovina	16.2
Swaziland	1.0	Azerbaijan	16.4
Tanzania	1.0	Bhutan	16.6
Central African Republic	1.1	Uruguay	16.7
Chad	1.1	Guatemala	17.0
Eritrea	1.1	Honduras	17.0
Gambia	1.1	Slovakia	17.2
Cameroon	1.2	Vietnam	17.3
Comoros	1.2	Spain	17.5
Equatorial Guinea	1.2	Peru	18.1
Gabon	1.2	Georgia	18.6
Niger	1.2	Germany	18.6
Nigeria	1.2	Kyrgyzstan	18.6
Republic of Congo	1.3	Romania	18.7
Djibouti	1.3	Moldavia	18.8
Gaza Strip	1.3	Jamaica	19.3
Maldives	1.3	Hungary	20.8
Mozambique	1.5	Costa Rica	20.9
Syria	1.5	Kazakhstan	21.4
United Arab Emirates	1.5	Armenia	21.8
Saudi Arabia	1.7	Slovenia	22.3
Egypt	1.8	Chile	22.4
Togo	1.8	Ecuador	22.4
Benin	1.9	Croatia	22.6
Burkina Faso	1.9	Mongolia	22.8
Ethiopia	1.9	Macedonia	22.9
Zambia	1.9	Bulgaria	23.5
Kuwait	2.0	Montenegro	23.6
Qatar	2.0	Italy	26.0
Sri Lanka	2.0	Ukraine	26.2
Iraq	2.1	Latvia	26.8
Yemen	2.1	Albania	26.9
Angola	2.2	Portugal	27.1
Sierra Leone	2.2	Lithuania	27.6
Republic of South Africa	2.2	Estonia	27.9
Ivory Coast	2.4	Russia	28.7
Laos	2.4	China	34.5
Oman	2.4	Belarus	36.4
Somalia	2.4	South Korea	56.3
Solomon Islands	2.5	Japan	80.2
Ghana	2.6
Libya	2.6
Vanuatu	2.6

Table 2 Association between the incidence of gastric cancer and risk/protection factors based on the Mann-Whitney test

Risk/protective factors	n	n (< P25)	Average	SD	n (> P75)	Average	SD	P value
HDI	171	46	0.52	0.14	43	0.76	0.09	0.000
Alcohol, liters of alcohol/inhabitant per year	172	45	3.74	3.42	43	10.59	5.17	0.000
Tobacco, % of smoking population	132	36	14.47	7.27	35	30.03	7.11	0.000
Fruits, g/person per day	165	42	145.84	109.74	40	222.9	89.92	0.001
Vegetables, g/person per day	165	42	154.35	151.55	40	318.66	167.25	0.000
Legumes, g/person per day	165	42	23.08	19.88	41	8.42	8.91	0.000
Meat, g/person per day	165	42	63.26	51.07	42	157.05	63.16	0.000
Fish, g/person per day	162	42	42.56	74.83	38	44.93	42.14	0.260
Obesity in males, % men > 20 yr and BMI > 30 kg/m2	172	46	9.56	102.11	42	17.03	67.73	0.000
Obesity in females, % women > 20 yr and BMI > 30 kg/m2	172	46	18.94	150.44	42	21.66	81.28	0.100

HDI: Human development index; BMI: Body mass index.