Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: From animal model to patient

Table 1 Technical details 30 endoscopic submucosal dissection in a porcine model

Cases	Topography	Size (mm)	Instrument used	Time dissection (min)	En bloc/pieces	Complications (perforation, bleeding)	Condition of stomach	Weight of the pig (kg)
1	ANTRUM	22	IT,NK	40	BLOC	NO	F	70
2	BODY	24	IT,NK	50	BLOC	NO	F	70
3	BODY	30	IT,NK	43	BLOC	NO	D	150
4	BODY	30	IT (CLIPS)	45	BLOC	NO	D	150
5	BODY	20	IT,NK,	30	BLOC	NO	D	70
6	BODY	20	IT,NK	50	BLOC	NO	D	70
7	BODY	25	IT,NK	45	BLOC	NO	D	50
8	BODY	42	IT,NK	70	BLOC	NO	D	50
9	BODY	21	IT,NK	35	BLOC	NO	D	20
10	BODY	25	IT, NK	35	BLOC	NO	D	20
11	BODY	30	IT,NK	55	BLOC	NO	D	20
12	BODY	25	IT,NK (CLIP)	50	BLOC	NO	D	20
13	BODY	26	IT, DK	40	BLOC	NO	F	20
14	BODY	26	IT,DK	35	BLOC	NO	F	20
15	BODY	25	IT, DK	22	BLOC	NO	D	20
16	BODY	27	IT, DK	27	BLOC	NO	D	20
17	BODY	30	IT, DK	35	BLOC	NO	D	20
18	ANTRUM	35	IT,DK (CLIP)	50	BLOC	NO	IN VIVO	30
19	CARDIAS	25	IT,DK	55	BLOC	NO	D	30
20	BODY	45	IT,DK	70	BLOC	NO	D	30
21	BODY	30	IT,DK	40	BLOC	NO	D	30
22	BODY	35	IT,NK	45	BLOC	NO	D	30
23	BODY	30	IT,DK	45	BLOC	NO	D	30
24	BODY	35	IT,DK	50	BLOC	NO	D	30
25	BODY	30	IT,NK	55	BLOC	NO	IN VIVO	30
26	BODY	20	IT,NK	40	BLOC	NO	D	30
27	BODY	25	IT,NK	36	BLOC	NO	D	30
28	BODY	25	IT,NK	18	BLOC	NO	D	30
29	BODY	30	IT,NK	20	BLOC	NO	D	30
30	BODY	40	IT,NK	19	BLOC	NO	D	30

IT: IT knife2; NK: Needle knife; DK: Dual knife. Condition of stomach: Defrozen (D), Fresh (F).

Table 2 Endoscopic submucosal dissection results in humans

Topography	Size (mm)	Lesion type1	Total time ESD (min)	En bloc resection	Complications	Histology	Complete ESD2
Incisura angularis	25	0-IIa	65	Yes	No	Adenoma LGD	Yes
Antrum	20	0-IIa	60	Yes	No	Intramucosal carcinoma	Yes
Antrum	18	0-IIa	30	Yes	No	Adenoma HGD	Yes
Body	18	0-IIa	90	Yes	No	Adenoma LGD	Yes
Subcarinal	45	0-IIa	180	Yes	Bleeding	Adenoma HGD	Yes

¹Paris Endoscopic Classification;

²Anatomopathological study: resection en bloc, lateral and vertical margins free of neoplastic tissue. LGD: Low grade dysplasia; HGD: High degree dysplasia; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.