Characteristics and prognosis of synchronous multiple early gastric cancer

Table 1 Incidence of multiple lesions in synchronous multiple early gastric cancer patients

No. of tumors	No. of patients	No. of lesions
2	120	240
3	22	66
4	3	12
8	1	8
Total	146	326

Table 2 Clinical features of synchronous multiple early gastric cancer (group A) and single gastric cancer patients (group B) n (%)

Factors	Group A (n = 146)	Group B (n = 1194)	P value
Tumor location
Upper	30 (20.6)	183 (15.3)	0.052
Middle	40 (27.4)	450 (37.7)
Lower	76 (52.1)	554 (46.4)
Entire	0 (0.0)	7 (0.5)
Tumor size (mm) (mean ± SD)	30.8 ± 15.9	32.5 ± 21.5	0.347
Macroscopic type
Elevated	39 (26.7)	218 (18.3)	0.019
Flat	2 (1.4)	16 (1.3)
Depressed	81 (55.5)	815 (68.3)
Mixed	24 (16.4)	145 (12.1)
Histological type
Differentiated	118 (80.8)	771 (64.6)	< 0.001
Undifferentiated	28 (19.2)	423 (35.4)
Depth of invasion
Mucosa	66 (45.2)	672 (56.1)	0.011
Submucosa	80 (54.8)	522 (43.9)
LN metastasis
0	134 (91.8)	1110 (93.0)	0.595
1	8 (5.5)	63 (5.3)
2	4 (2.7)	15 (1.3)
3	0 (0.0)	6 (0.5)
No. of metastatic LNs	0.18 ± 0.72	0.21 ± 1.30	0.805
Lymphatic invasion	61 (41.8)	394 (33.0)	0.034
Venous invasion	13 (8.9)	90 (7.5)	0.559
Stage
I	142 (97.3)	1173 (98.2)	0.408
II	4 (2.7)	21 (1.8)

Table 3 Pathological features of lesions observed in groups A and B n (%)

Factors	Group A (n = 146)	Group B (n = 1194)	P value
Age (mean ± SD) (yr)	68.0 ± 9.9	64.3 ± 11.1	< 0.001
Gender
Male	119 (81.5)	801 (67.1)	< 0.001
Female	27 (18.5)	393 (32.9)
No. of family members with gastric cancer
None	103 (70.6)	917 (76.8)	0.046
1	30 (20.6)	224 (18.7)
≥ 2	13 (8.9)	53 (4.4)
Presence of cancer in other organs
Synchronous	4 (2.7)	48 (4.0)	0.450
Metachronous	20 (13.7)	107 (9.0)	0.065
Smoking habits
Never	49 (33.6)	536 (44.9)	0.020
BI < 400	19 (13.0)	157 (13.2)
BI ≥ 400	78 (53.4)	501 (42.0)
Drinking habits
Non-drinker	51 (34.9)	587 (49.2)	0.005
Occasional-drinker	55 (37.7)	340 (28.5)
Daily-drinker	40 (27.4)	267 (22.4)

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for synchronous multiple early gastric cancer

Factor	Odds ratio	95%CI1	P value
Age (yr)
≥ 65 vs < 65	1.93	1.27-2.99	0.002
Sex
Male vs female	1.86	1.07-3.32	0.028
Family history
(+) vs (-)	1.35	0.87-2.06	0.182
Smoking habit
(+) vs (-)	1.15	0.73-1.89	0.531
Drinking habit
(+) vs (-)	1.51	0.79-3.14	0.218
Macroscopic type
Elevated vs depressed	1.44	0.92-2.23	0.108
Histological type
Differentiated vs undifferentiated	1.53	0.94-2.61	0.088
Depth of invasion
Submucosa vs mucosa	1.61	0.90-2.81	0.109
Lymphatic invasion
(+) vs (-)	0.879	0.50-1.60	0.664

¹Determined using logistic regression analysis.