Inflammatory bowel disease serology in Asia and the West

Table 1 Subject demographics and disease characteristics n (%)

Country	Group	Ethnicity	Group No.	Age (yr) mean ± SD	Female	Never smoker	Family history of IBD	CD (severe behaviour)	CD (ileocolonic location)	UC proctitis
Australia(n = 48)	Crohn’s	Caucasian	9	29 ± 12	4 (44)	3 (33)	0 (0)	8 (89)	7 (78)	-
	UC	Caucasian	10	37 ± 11	5 (50)	7 (70)	1 (10)	-	-	1 (10)
		Asian	10	45 ± 14	2 (20)	8 (80)	0 (0)	-	-	3 (10)
	Healthy	Caucasian	10	46 ± 12	5 (50)	4 (40)	0 (0)	-	-	-
		Asian	9	51 ± 11	4 (44)	7 (78)	1 (11)	-	-	-
Hong Kong(n = 42)	Crohn's	Asian	12	38 ± 15	7 (58)	7 (58)	1 (8)	3 (25)	9 (75)	-
	UC	Asian	12	43 ± 12	5 (42)	12 (100)	0 (0)	-	-	2 (17)
	Healthy	Asian	10	50 ± 5	6 (60)	7 (78)	0 (0)	-	-	-
	Relatives	Asian	8	34 ± 9	3 (38)	6 (75)	8 (100)	-	-	-
		Total	90	42 ± 13	41 (46)	61 (68)	11 (12)	11 (52)	16 (76)	6 (19)

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; Severe behaviour: Stricturing or penetrating disease.

Table 2 Antibody positivity and titre according to geography, ethnicity and disease n (%)

	Australia					Hong Kong (all Asian)
	CD	UC		Healthy		CD	UC	Healthy	Relatives
	Caucasian	Caucasian	Asian	Caucasian	Asian
Total	9	10	10	10	9	12	12	10	8
Antibody positivity
gASCA	6 (67)ac	0 (0)	1 (10)	1 (10)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
ALCA	4 (44)a	1 (10)	0 (0)	2 (20)	0 (0)	1 (8)	1 (8)	0 (0)	0 (0)
ACCA	2 (22)	1 (10)	0 (0)	2 (20)	3 (33)	1 (8)	1 (8)	1 (10)	0 (0)
AMCA	6 (67)a	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (10)	3 (33)	7 (58)a	2 (17)	2 (20)	2 (25)
pANCA	0 (0)	7 (70)e	5 (50)e	0 (0)	1 (11)	3 (25)	4 (33)e	0 (0)	0 (0)
No. of positive antibodies
At least 1	9 (100)ac	2 (20)	1 (10)	2 (20)	4 (44)	7 (58)a	4 (33)	2 (20)	2 (25)
At least 2	6 (67)ac	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (20)	2 (22)	2 (17)	0 (0)	1 (10)	0 (0)
Antibody/QSS titre median (range)
gASCA	59 (146)ac	10 (12)	9 (47)	17 (45)	8 (21)	9 (44)	2 (39)	11 (17)	5 (46)
ALCA	46 (79)a	17 (86)	14 (38)	23 (77)	18 (34)	27 (69)a	17 (82)	17 (18)	24 (25)
ACCA	50 (188)	39 (101)	43 (56)	60 (310)	76 (135)	50 (80)	37 (87)	46 (77)	34 (62)
AMCA	111 (154)a	63 (47)	70 (60)	79 (59)	75 (116)	121 (459)a	60 (272)	59 (145)	74 (94)
QSS	14 (5)a	9 (6)	10 (6)	12 (8)	9 (10)	13 (10)a	8 (7)	8 (10)	10 (9)

^aSignificantly higher than all non-Crohn's disease (CD) groups combined (P < 0.05);

^cSignificantly higher than Hong Kong Asian CD (P < 0.05);

^eSignificantly higher than all non-ulcerative colitis (UC) groups combined (P < 0.05). gASCA: Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae; ALCA: Anti-laminaribioside carbohydrate IgG antibodies; ACCA: Anti-chitobioside carbohydrate IgA antibodies; AMCA: Anti-mannobioside carbohydrate IgG antibodies; pANCA: Atypical perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; QSS: Quartile sum score.