Acid and non-acid reflux in patients refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy: Is gastroparesis a factor?

Table 1 Demographics and esophagogastroduodenoscopy results among patients with gastroparesis and controls

Result	GP	Controls	P value
Demographics
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	54 ± 14	51 ± 13	0.620
Female (n)	12	19
Males (n)	4	7
Gastric emptying scintigraphy
t1/2 time (mean ± SD, min)	134 ± 59	65 ± 13	0.0003
Comorbidities (n)
GERD	16	26
Irritable bowel syndrome	2	1
Diabetes mellitus	1	2
Hypothyroidism	1	4
Chronic constipation	3	2
Hepatitis C	1	1
IBD	1	0
Previous surgical procedures (n)
Cholecystectomy	4	6
Nissen Fundoplication	3	1
EGD status (n)
Normal EGD	6	11
Gastritis (H. pylori negative)	7	6
Atrophic gastritis	1	0
Fundic gland polyp	2	0
Hyperplastic polyp	0	1
Antacid usage (n)
H2 blocker therapy	2	5
Daily	1	3
Bid	1	1
Tid	0	1
PPI therapy (n)	14	15
Daily	4	4
Bid	9	10
Tid	1	1
Sucralfate (n)	2	3
Antacids (n)	1	1
No therapy (n)	0	3

EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.

Table 2 Symptom association probability for patients with gastroparesis and controls

MII-pH symptoms	Gastroparesis (n)	Controls (n)	Positive SAP (n)	Negative SAP (n)
Chest pain	3	5	1	7
Nausea/vomiting	2	4	1	6
Regurgitation	3	4	0	14
Hoarseness	0	4	0	6
Heartburn	5	9	0	4
Globus sensation	2	2	0	4
Dysphagia	4	4	1	7
Cough	3	7	1	9
Abdominal pain	7	3	0	10
Belching	6	8	0	14
Bloating	0	2	0	2

SAP: Symptom association probability; MII-pH: Multichannel intraluminal impedance pH.