Achalasia: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes

Table 1 Summary of epidemiological studies of achalasia incidence and prevalence in adults

Study	Location	Years studied	Total number of achalasia patients	Prevalence rate (per 100000)	Incidence rate (per 100000/year)
Howard et al[12]	Edinburgh, Scotland	1986-1991	Not reported	Not reported	0.81
Birgisson et al[13]	Iceland	1952-2002	62	8.7	0.55
Sadowski et al[14]	Alberta, Canada	1995-2008	463	2.518	Not reported
				10.829	1.639
Mayberry et al[15]	Great Britain and Ireland	1972-1983	6306	Not reported	Not reported
	Scotland		583	11.2	1.1-1.26
	Wales		197	7.1	Not reported
	Northern Ireland		153	9.8	Not reported
	Republic of Ireland		453	13.4	Not reported
	England		4920	10.8	0.97
Mayberry et al[16]	Cardiff, Wales	1926-1977	48	Not reported	0.4
Mayberry et al[17]	Nottingham, England	1966-1983	53	8.0	0.51
Arber et al[18]	Israel	1973-1983	162	7.91	0.83
				12.62	1.154
Earlam et al[19]	Rochester, United States	1925-1964	11	Not reported	0.6
Galen et al[20]	Virginia, United States	1975-1980	31	Not reported	0.6
Mayberry et al[21]	New Zealand	1980-1984	152	Not reported	1.0
Stein et al[22]	Zimbabwe	1974-1983	25	Not reported	0.03
Farrukh et al[23]	Leicester, England	1986-2005	14	Not reported	0.895
Ho et al[24]	Singapore	1989-1996	49	1.77	0.29
Gennaro et al[25]	Veneto, Italy	2001-2005	365	Not reported	1.59

¹Rate in 1973 only;

²Rate in 1983 only;

³Rate between 1973-1978;

⁴Rate between 1979-1983 only;

⁵Rate only applicable for South Asian population of region;

⁶Rate reported as 1.1 for men and 1.2 for women;

⁷Rate only applicable to Oxford region of England;

⁸Rate in 1996 only;

⁹Rate in 2007 only.