Overlap of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease with irritable bowel syndrome

Table 1 Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease/functional heartburn in irritable bowel syndrome patients

IBS patients (n)	IBS criteria	Diagnostic investigations of IBS	GERD prevalence	FH prevalence	Diagnostic investigations of heartburn	Ref.
101	Manning	S, HE, Sg, BE, BT, UE, SBB, BC, LE	25%	Not evaluated	SQ	Svedlund et al[19]
25	Manning	S, Sg, SC, HE, BE	28% (daily)	Not evaluated	S, UE, OM, pH (wireless)	Smart et al[20]
			52% (weekly)
100	Manning	S, LE, HE, BE	30%	Not evaluated	SQ	Whorwell et al[21]
350	Modified manning	SQ	79%	Not evaluated	SQ	Jones et al[22]
546	Modified manning	Postal SQ	46.5%	Not evaluated	Postal SQ	Kennedy et al[23]1
146	Rome I	S, PE, AU, HE, UE or BE (patients older than 50 yr)	28%	Not evaluated	S, UE	Stanghellini et al[24]
68	Rome I	SQ	3%	Not evaluated	SQ	Hu et al[25]1
68	Rome I	Phone SQ	11%	Not evaluated	Phone SQ	Cheung et al[12]1
52	Rome I	S, SC, HE	38% (ERD)	Not evaluated	S, UE	Camacho et al[26]1
			42% (NERD)
76 (IBS-C)	Rome II	SQ	32.9%	Not evaluated	SQ	Talley et al[27]
45 (IBS-D)			40.9%
3880	Rome II	Phone SQ	21%	Not evaluated	Phone SQ	Hungin et al[28]
	Rome I
	Manning
662	Rome II	SQ	25%	Not evaluated	SQ	Si et al[29]
517	Rome II	SQ	40%	Not evaluated	SQ	Balboa et al[30]
95	Rome II	SQ	21%	Not evaluated	SQ	Lee et al[31]1
40	Rome II	SQ	20%	Not evaluated	SQ	Hori et al[32]1
164	Rome II	SQ	43%	Not evaluated	SQ	Johansson et al[33]
113	Rome II	SQ	49.6%	Not evaluated	SQ	Schmulson et al[34]
252	Rome III	Postal SQ	32.9%	Not evaluated	Postal SQ	Jung et al[10]1
1419	Rome III	SQ	63.6%	Not evaluated	S, UE	Yarandi et al[35]1
	Rome II
381	Rome III	SQ	16%	Not evaluated	SQ	Kaji et al[36]1
1336 (in 1996) 799 (in 2006)	Rome III	Postal SQ	60.5%-71.9%	Not evaluated	Postal SQ	Olafsdottir et al[37]
	Rome II
	Manning
381	Rome III	SQ	16%	Not evaluated	SQ	Fujiwara et al[38]1
46	Rome III	SQ	41.3%	59%	S, UE, OM22, MII-pH	Martinucci et al[39]12

¹Articles listed in both Tables;

²Abstract only (publication type).GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; FH: Functional heartburn; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; S: Symptoms; SQ: Symptom questionnaire; PE: Physical examination; HE: Hematological examinations; BE: Barium enema; BC: Bacteriological culture; SC: Stool culture; BT: Lactose/lactulose breath test; AU: Abdominal ultrasonography; UE: Upper endoscopy; LE: Lower endoscopy; SBB: Small-bowel biopsies; Sg: Sigmoidoscopy; OM: Esophageal manometry; pH: pH-metry; MII-pH: pH impedance monitoring; ERD: Erosive reflux disease; NERD: Nonerosive reflux disease.

Table 2 Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in gastroesophageal reflux disease/functional heartburn patients

GERD patients (n)	FH patients (n)	Diagnostic investigations of heartburn	IBS prevalence	IBS criteria	Diagnostic investigations of IBS	Authors
910	Not evaluated	Postal SQ	19%	Manning	Postal SQ	Kennedy et al[23]1
80	Not evaluated	SQ	36.7%-45.1%	Manning	SQ	Chey et al[40]2
34 (ERD)	Not evaluated	S, UE	36% (in ERD)	Manning	SQ	Nojkov et al[41]
67 (NERD)			35% (in NERD)
643	Not evaluated	SQ	42%	Rome I	SQ	Locke et al[42]
35	Not evaluated	SQ	71%	Rome I	SQ	Pimentel et al[43]
79	Not evaluated	SQ	3%	Rome I	SQ	Hu et al[25]1
457	Excluded	S, UE, OM, pH	49%	Rome I	SQ	Zimmerman et al[44]
79	Not evaluated	Phone SQ	13%	Rome I	Phone SQ	Cheung et al[12]1
326 (NERD)	Excluded	S, UE, pH	48.5%	Rome I	SQ	Hershcovici et al[45]
326 (NERD)	Excluded	S, UE, pH	49%	Rome I	SQ	Zimmerman et al[46]
41 (ERD)	Not evaluated	S, UE	48.7% (in ERD)	Rome I	S, SC, HE	Camacho et al[26]1
45 (NERD)			48.8% (in NERD)
3318	Not evaluated	SQ	36.7%-45.1%	Rome II	SQ	Bueno et al[47]2
102	Excluded	S, UE, OM, pH	32.4%	Rome II	SQ	Raftopoulos et al[48]
3318	Not evaluated	SQ	27%	Rome II	SQ	Guillemot et al[49]
263	Not evaluated	S, pH	35%	Rome II	SQ	De Vries et al[50]
111 (ERD)	Excluded	S, UE, OM, pH.	15.3% (in ERD)	Rome II	SQ	Wu et al[51]
113 (NERD)			44.2% (in NERD)
238	Not evaluated	SQ	60.9%	Rome II	SQ	Nasseri-Moghaddam et al[52]
67	Not evaluated	SQ	27%	Rome II	SQ	Lee et al[31]1
16	Not evaluated	SQ	50%	Rome II	SQ	Hori et al[32]1
92	Not evaluated	SQ	62%	Rome II	SQ	Rey et al[53]
102 (ERD)	Excluded	S, UE, OM, pH	20.6% (in ERD)	Rome II	SQ	Wu et al[54]
163 (NERD)			39.9% (in NERD)
411	Not evaluated	Postal SQ	20.2%	Rome III	Postal SQ	Jung et al[10]1
344	Not evaluated	SQ	51.7%	Rome III	SQ	Solhpour et al[55]
36/95 (ERD) 36/95 (NERD)	23/95	S, UE, OM, pH	17% (in ERD)	Rome III	SQ	Lee et al[56]
			23% (in NERD)
			39% (in FH)
207	Not evaluated	SQ	29.5%	Rome III	SQ	Kaji et al[36]1
286 (ERD)	Not evaluated	S, UE	11.2%	Rome III	SQ	Noh et al[57]
74 (NERD)			41.9%
2658	Not evaluated	S, UE	33.9%	Rome III	SQ	Yarandi et al[35]1
				Rome II
207	Not evaluated	SQ	29.5%	Rome III	SQ	Fujiwara et al[38]1
48/92 (NERD)	44/92	S, UE, OM22, MII-pH	39.6% (in NERD)	Rome III	SQ	Martinucci et al[39]12
			61.4% (in FH)
1181 (ERD) 694 (NERD)	Not evaluated	S, UE	12.7% (in ERD)	ReQuest	SQ	Mönnikes et al[58]
			18.3% (in NERD)
6810	Not evaluated	SQ	60%	ReQuest	SQ	Fass et al[59]2
257	Not evaluated	SQ	58%	ReQuest	SQ	Bardhan et al[60]

¹Articles listed in both tables 1 and 2;

²Abstract only (publication type).GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; FH: Functional heartburn; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; S: Symptoms; SQ: Symptom questionnaire; PE: Physical examination; HE: Hematological examinations; BE: Barium enema; BC: Bacteriological culture; SC: Stool culture; BT: Lactose/lactulose breath test; AU: Abdominal ultrasonography; UE: Upper endoscopy; LE: Lower endoscopy; LEB: Lower endoscopy and biopsies; SBB: Small-bowel biopsies; Sg: Sigmoidoscopy; OM: Esophageal manometry; pH: pH-metry; MII-pH: pH impedance monitoring; ERD: Erosive reflux disease; NERD: Nonerosive reflux disease.