Hypermethylation of TGF-β1 gene promoter in gastric cancer

Table 1 Methylation frequency for transforming growth facto-β1 in gastric tissues

Case ID	GC patients (n = 47)			Non-GC subjects (n = 39)
	H. pylori	TGF-β1 methylation
		Tumor	Non-tumor	H. pylori	TGF-β1 methylation
1	+	Methylated	Methylated	+
2	+			+	Methylated
3	+	Methylated	Methylated	+	Methylated
4	+	Methylated		+
5	+	Methylated		+
6	+			+
7	+			+
8	+			+
9	+	Methylated		+
10	+	Methylated	Methylated	+
11	+			+	Methylated
12	+			+
13	+	Methylated		+	Methylated
14	+			+
15	+	Methylated	Methylated	+
16	+			+	Methylated
17	+			+
18	+	Methylated		+	Methylated
19	+	Methylated	Methylated	+
20	+			+	Methylated
21	+	Methylated	Methylated	+
22	+			+	Methylated
23	+			-	Methylated
24	+			-
25	+	Methylated		-
26	+	Methylated	Methylated	-
27	+			-
28	+			-
29	+	Methylated	Methylated	-
30	+	Methylated	Methylated	-	Methylated
31	+	Methylated		-
32	+			-
33	+			-
34	+	Methylated	Methylated	-	Methylated
35	+			-
36	+	Methylated		-
37	+	Methylated	Methylated	-
38	+	Methylated		-
39	-			-
40	-	Methylated	Methylated
41	-	Methylated	Methylated
42	-
43	-
44	-
45	-
46	-	Methylated	Methylated
47	-

GC: Gastric cancer; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 Impact of Helicobacter pylori on the frequency of transforming growth factor-β1 methylation in gastric tissues

	TGF-β1 methylation in GC patients		TGF-β1 methylation in Non-GC patients	Total1
	Tumor	Non-tumor	Normal gastric mucosa
H. pylori (+)	21/38 (55.3%)	12/38 (31.6%)	8/22 (36.4%)	41/98 (41.8%)
H. pylori (-)	3/9 (33%)	3/9 (33%)	3/17 (17.6%)	9/35 (25.7%)

¹Combined tumor and non-tumor tissue. GC: Gastric cancer; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.