Newly designed J-shaped tip guidewire: A preliminary feasibility study in wire-guided cannulation

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics and indications

Item (n = 50)	Value
Age, yr [median (IQR)]	75.3 (68-83)
Sex (male)	24
Periampullary diverticulum, n (%)	22 (44)
Indications
Choledocolithiasis (including suspicion)	27
Cholangiocarcinoma	7
Pancreatic cancer	6
Gallbladder cancer	4
Other malignant disease	2
Cholangiocellular carcinoma	1
Suspected biliary SOD	1
Mirrizi syndrome	1
Biliary leak after cholecystectomy	1

IQR: Interquartile rage; SOD: Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

Table 2 Number of patients receiving different procedures

Procedure	n
Endoscopic papillary (large) balloon dilation	24
Endoscopic sphincterotomy	19
Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage	20
Endoscopic nasobiliary gallbladder drainage	2
Placement of biliary stent (plastic or metal)	18
Intraductal ultrasonography	7
Aspiration, biopsy	12
Only cholangiogram	0

Table 3 Cannulation outcomes

Item (n = 50)	Value
Success, n (%)	45 (90)
< 5 min	38 (76)
5-10 min	7 (14)
Time to selective biliary cannulation1, s	42.5 (5.0-262.0)
No. of attempts1	2.0 (1.0-6.0)
No. of accidental pancreatic duct insertion1	1.0 (0.0-3.0)
Amylase level1, IU/L	148 (94-331)
Post-ERCP pancreatitis, n (%)	3 (6)
Mild	3
Severe	0
Hyperamylasemia, n (%)	4 (8)

¹Data is shown as median (IQR). IQR: Interquartile range; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.