Rockall score in predicting outcomes of elderly patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 1 Classification of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Classification of diseases	n = 341
Esophageal diseases	74
Esophageal carcinoma	37
Esophagitis	25
Mallory-Weiss syndrome	7
Hiatus hernia	5
Gastroduodenal disease	265
Peptic ulcer	151
Stomach cancer	59
Erosive gastritis	32
Anastomotic	12
Acute gastric mucosal lesion	11
Other	2

Table 2 Rockall scores in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Variable	Scores
	0	1	2	3
Age (yr)	< 60	60-79	≥ 80
Shock	No shock; SBP ≥ 100 mmHg; pulse < 100 bpm	SBP ≥ 100 mmHg; Pulse ≥ 100 bpm	SBP < 100 mmHg; Pulse ≥ 100 bpm
Comorbidity	No major		CHF, IHD, major morbidity	Renal failure, liver failure, metastatic cancer
Diagnosis	Mallory-Weiss syndrome	All other diagnoses	GI malignancy
Evidence of bleeding	None		Blood, adherent clot, spurting vessel

CHF: Chronic hearth failure; IHD: Ischaemic heart disease; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; GI: Gastrointestinal.

Table 3 Relationship between clinical Rockall scores and patient outcomes

Variables	Rockall score
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	≥8
Number	65	49	44	66	51	31	20	15
Rebleeding	2	3	4	9	14	11	10	10
Mortality	0	1	2	4	7	8	4	4
Surgery	0	1	3	5	9	6	4	3

Table 4 Percentages of rebleeding/death/surgery in each risk category n (%)

Category	Cases	Outcome
		Rebleeding	Surgery	Mortality
Low-risk	114	5 (4.38)	1 (0.87)	1 (0.87)
Moderate-risk	110	13 (11.81)	8 (7.27)	6 (5.45)
High-risk	117	45 (38.46)	22 (18.80)	23 (19.65)