A silybin-phospholipids complex counteracts rat fatty liver degeneration and mitochondrial oxidative changes

doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.3007

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2013; 19(20): 3007-3017
Published online May 28, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.3007

Table 1 Characteristics and fat infiltration of rats fed a choline-deficient diet or a high fat diet with or without Realsil or a normal choline-supplemented diet (controls)

Characteristics	Controls	CD	CD + Realsil	HFD	HFD + Realsil	Controls	HFD	HFD + Realsil
	day 30	day 30	day 30	day 30	day 30	day 60	day 60	day 30
Body weight (g)	305 ± 8	311 ± 12	304 ± 11	302 ± 10	308 ± 12	355 ± 11	364 ± 13	351 ± 12
Liver weight (g)	12.7 ± 0.5	19.7 ± 1.3^a	16.7 ± 0.7^a	15.7 ± 1.7^a	13.1 ± 1.3	12.7 ± 0.5	18.8 ± 1.1^a	15.1 ± 0.6^a^c
ALT (IU/L)	30 ± 8	92 ± 14^a	68 ± 12^a^c	42 ± 10^a	31 ± 7^c	30 ± 8	69 ± 11^a	52 ± 8^a^c
% area	3 ± 2	311 ± 12	304 ± 11	16 ± 4	8 ± 3	4 ± 1	20 ± 4	15 ± 3^a^c
No. of droplets	11 ± 5	19.7 ± 1.3^a	16.7 ± 0.7^a	570 ± 47^a	356 ± 23	12 ± 6	389 ± 31^a	519 ± 26^a^c
Mean droplet diameter	1.1 ± 0.3	9.2 ± 1.4^a	6.8 ± 1.2^a^c	4.2 ± 1.0^a	3.2 ± 0.7^c	0.9 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 1.1^a	3.4 ± 0.9^a^c

Data represent percentage of fat in the whole area, number of fat droplets and mean diameter of the droplets. Results are mean ± SD of n = 5 different slides per rat per group at each time point.

^aP < 0.05 vs control rats;

^cP < 0.05 vs choline-deficient diet (CD) or high fat diet (HFD) only. ALT: Alanine transaminase.

Table 2 Concentrations of total glutathione, thioredoxin, nitrosothiols, and activity of glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitrosothiols, nitrotyrosine, and keratin-18 in the liver of rats

		Day 7	Day 14	Day 30
Glutathione	S	34.3 ± 3.1	33.2 ± 1.4	25.3 ± 1.2^a
34.0 ± 1.3 nmol/mg prt	R	35.1 ± 1.2	33.7 ± 1.0	30.9 ± 1.1^a^c
Thioredoxin	S	14.2 ± 1.0^a	16.3 ± 2.4^a	5.2 ± 0.7
5.6 ± 0.9 nmol/mg prt	R	11.3 ± 1.0^a	14.4 ± 1.0^a	6.2 ± 0.7^c
Nitrosothiols	S	32.9 ± 3.5^a	30.0 ± 2.2^a	13.0 ± 1.2^a
16.8 ± 4.7 pmol/mg prt	R	35.4 ± 2.7^a	27.3 ± 2.2^a^c	15.8 ± 1.5^a^c
MDA-TBA	S	17 ± 4^a	39 ± 8^a	92 ± 10^a
12 ± 3 nmol/L	R	12 ± 3	19 ± 4^a^c	41 ± 9^a^c
Nitrosothiols	S	73 ± 15	79 ± 12^a	88 ± 10^a
62 ± 10 nmol/L	R	67 ± 10	69 ± 10	74 ± 11^a^c
Nitrotyrosine	S	6 ± 2	10 ± 3^a	14 ± 3^a
6 ± 1 nmol/L	R	5 ± 1	5 ± 2^c	10 ± 2^a^c
K-18	S	222 ± 21	233 ± 16^a	289 ± 20^a
198 ± 20 U/L	R	210 ± 10	213 ± 13^c	240 ± 17^a^c
GPx activity	S	9.3 ± 1.2^a	21.1 ± 3.7^a	13.7 ± 1.8^a
4.5 ± 0.4 nmol NADH/min/mg prt	R	6.3 ± 0.9^a,b	20.8 ± 1.4^a	16.6 ± 2.6^a,b

The liver of rats fed a choline-deficient (CD) diet without (S)/with (R) Realsil or a normal choline-supplemented diet (controls). Values from controls are reported in the first column under the parameter. Data are mean ± SD of n = 5 rats per group at each time point.

^aP < 0.05 vs control rats;

^cP < 0.05 vs rats on CD diet without Realsil at the same time point. GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; MDA-TBA: Malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; K-18: Keratin-18; prt: Protein.

Table 3 Concentrations of total glutathione, thioredoxin, nitrosothiols, and activity of glutathione peroxidase in the liver of rat

		Day 14	Day 30	Day 60
Glutathione	S	23.7 ± 1.9^a	20.8 ± 2^a	22.4 ± 2.4^a
33.4 ± 0.8 nmol/mg prt	R	22.3 ± 1.8^a	23.9 ± 1.7^a	23 ± 1.6^a
Thioredoxin	S	9.2 ± 0.9^a	8.9 ± 0.8^a	4.3 ± 1.0
5.4 ± 0.5 nmol/mg prt	R	7.6 ± 0.7^a^c	7.8 ± 0.7^a	7.4 ± 1.7^a^c
Nitrosothiols	S	18.1 ± 1.5	19.6 ± 2.5	10 ± 2.3^a
20.4 ± 3.1 pmol/mg prt	R	14.4 ± 1.7^a^c	16.1 ± 2.3^a	14.3 ± 1.9^a^c
GPx	S	4.7 ± 0.6^a	6.5 ± 1.3^a	4.6 ± 1.6
3.9 ± 0.3 nmol NADH/min/mg prt	R	3.4 ± 0.5^c	4.3 ± 1.0^c	4.1 ± 1.0

The liver of rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) diet without (S)/with (R) Realsil or a standard control diet (controls). Values from controls are reported in the first column under the parameter. Data are mean ± SD of n = 5 rats per group at each time point.

^aP < 0.05 vs control rats;

^cP < 0.05 vs rats on HFD diet without Realsil at the same time point. GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; prt: Protein.

Citation: Grattagliano I, Diogo CV, Mastrodonato M, de Bari O, Persichella M, Wang DQ, Liquori A, Ferri D, Carratù MR, Oliveira PJ, Portincasa P. A silybin-phospholipids complex counteracts rat fatty liver degeneration and mitochondrial oxidative changes. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(20): 3007-3017
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i20/3007.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.3007