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©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 21, 2013; 19(15): 2395-2403
Published online Apr 21, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i15.2395
Published online Apr 21, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i15.2395
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population and univariate analysis of comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with and without diabetes n (%)
Variable | Total patients (n = 375) | HCC patients with diabete (n = 63) | HCC patients without diabetes (n = 312) | P value |
Male sex | 312 (83.2) | 51 (81.0) | 261 (83.7) | 0.601 |
Mean age, yr (mean ± SD) | 56.4 ± 11.0 | 59.5 ± 10.3 | 55.8 ± 11.1 | 0.015 |
Body weight1, kg (mean ± SD) | 68.1 ± 10.9 | 69.3 ± 13.0 | 67.8 ± 10.5 | 0.346 |
Body height2, cm (mean ± SD) | 168.8 ± 7.0 | 168.6 ± 8.0 | 168.9 ± 6.8 | 0.810 |
BMI3, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 23.77 ± 3.39 | 23.69 ± 3.51 | 23.68 ± 3.71 | 0.991 |
Overweight or obesity3 | 159 (56.6) | 27 (57.4) | 132 (56.4) | 0.896 |
History of hypertension | 88 (23.5) | 17 (27.0) | 71 (22.8) | 0.470 |
SBP, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 130 ± 17 | 133 ± 17 | 129 ± 16 | 0.048 |
DBP, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 79 ± 10 | 78 ± 10 | 79 ± 10 | 0.455 |
Smoking | 154 (41.4) | 20 (31.7) | 134 (42.9) | 0.099 |
Alcohol intake | 104 (27.7) | 14 (22.2) | 90 (28.8) | 0.284 |
HBV infection | 328 (87.5) | 50 (79.4) | 278 (89.1) | 0.033 |
HCV infection | 22 (5.9) | 3 (4.8) | 19 (6.1) | 0.908 |
Liver cirrhosis | 199 (53.1) | 38 (60.3) | 161 (51.6) | 0.206 |
Fatty liver | 11 (2.9) | 2 (3.2) | 9 (2.9) | 1.000 |
Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification4 | ||||
Child A | 243 (65.5) | 35 (56.5) | 208 (67.3) | 0.101 |
Child B | 92 (24.8) | 17 (27.4) | 75 (24.3) | 0.600 |
Child C | 36 (9.7) | 10 (16.1) | 26 (8.4) | 0.061 |
AFP > 400 ng/mL5 | 167 (45.8) | 27 (43.5) | 140 (46.2) | 0.702 |
Neutrophil, × 109/L (mean ± SD) | 4.13 ± 2.49 | 3.88 ± 2.52 | 4.18 ± 2.49 | 0.389 |
Hemoglobin, g/L (mean ± SD) | 132.5 ± 23.8 | 124.4 ± 23.9 | 134.2 ± 23.4 | 0.003 |
Platelet count, × 109/L | 130 (85-189) | 113 (64-157) | 139 (89-192) | 0.020 |
ALT, U/L | 45 (29-81) | 44 (27-91) | 45 (30-79) | 0.943 |
AST, U/L | 62 (38-117) | 52 (34-97) | 66 (39-119) | 0.124 |
ALP, U/L | 111 (82-176) | 111 (84-171) | 111 (81-177) | 0.907 |
GGT, U/L | 106 (55-233) | 96 (51-190) | 109 (57-239) | 0.406 |
INR6 (mean ± SD) | 1.20 ± 0.27 | 1.31 ± 0.44 | 1.18 ± 0.21 | 0.001 |
Total bilirubin, mg/L | 16 (10-27) | 17 (10-31) | 16 (10-25) | 0.561 |
Albumin, g/L (mean ± SD) | 37.4 ± 6.0 | 36.4 ± 5.9 | 37.6 ± 6.0 | 0.148 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 4.26 ± 1.34 | 4.18 ± 1.12 | 4.28 ± 1.39 | 0.662 |
BUN, mmol/L | 5.14 (4.00-6.36) | 5.12 (3.92-6.46) | 5.18 (4.04-6.34) | 0.738 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 80 (71-88) | 80 (70-97) | 80 (71-88) | 0.860 |
Table 2 Tumor-node-metastasis stage and clinical type of the study population n (%)
Variable | Total patients (n = 375) | HCC patients with diabetes (n = 63) | HCC patients without diabetes (n = 312) | P value |
T stage | ||||
T1 | 82 (21.9) | 15 (23.8) | 67 (21.5) | 0.683 |
T2 | 90 (24.0) | 19 (30.2) | 71 (22.8) | 0.210 |
T3a | 157 (41.9) | 22 (34.9) | 135 (43.3) | 0.221 |
T3b | 37 (9.9) | 6 (9.5) | 31 (9.9) | 0.920 |
T4 | 9 (2.4) | 1 (1.6) | 8 (2.6) | 0.991 |
N stage | ||||
N0 | 334 (89.1) | 57 (90.5) | 277 (88.8) | 0.694 |
N1 | 41 (10.9) | 6 (9.5) | 35 (11.2) | - |
M stage | ||||
M0 | 269 (71.7) | 49 (77.8) | 220 (70.5) | 0.243 |
M1 | 106 (28.3) | 14 (22.2) | 92 (29.5) | - |
Clinical classification | ||||
Massive | 213 (56.8) | 29 (46.0) | 184 (59.0) | 0.059 |
Nodular | 117 (31.2) | 22 (34.9) | 95 (30.4) | 0.485 |
Small-cancer | 28 (7.5) | 8 (12.7) | 20 (6.4) | 0.142 |
Diffuse | 17 (4.5) | 4 (6.3) | 13 (4.2) | 0.503 |
Table 3 Multivariable analysis: Increased international normalized ratio level in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with diabetes mellitus
Variable | AOR | 95%CI | P value |
Model 1 | |||
INR | 3.650 | 1.372-9.714 | 0.010 |
SBP | 1.019 | 1.002-1.036 | 0.029 |
Hemoglobin | 0.987 | 0.975-0.999 | 0.038 |
Model 2 | |||
INR | 4.487 | 1.713-11.754 | 0.002 |
Age | 1.032 | 1.005-1.059 | 0.020 |
Table 4 Results of multivariable analysis for sub-group analysis
Table 5 Association between diabetes duration/treatment and International normalized ratio level n (%)
Variable | INR < 1.20 (n = 36) | INR≥1.20 (n = 27) | P value | INR < 1.50 (n = 52) | INR≥1.50 (n = 11) | P value |
Duration of diabetes, yr | ||||||
< 5 | 15 (41.70) | 13 (48.10) | 0.608 | 23 (44.20) | 5 (45.50) | 1.000 |
≥ 5 | 21 (58.30) | 14 (51.90) | - | 29 (55.80) | 6 (54.50) | - |
Age at diabetes diagnosis, yr | ||||||
< 50 | 11 (30.60) | 12 (44.40) | 0.257 | 15 (28.80) | 8 (72.70) | 0.016 |
≥ 50 | 25 (69.40) | 15 (55.60) | - | 37 (71.20) | 3 (27.30) | - |
Diabetes treatment | ||||||
Oral treatment | ||||||
Non-users | 21 (58.30) | 19 (70.40) | 0.326 | 31 (59.60) | 9 (81.80) | 0.296 |
Users | 15 (41.70) | 8 (29.60) | - | 21 (40.40) | 2 (18.20) | - |
Insulin treatment | ||||||
Non-users | 27 (75.00) | 25 (92.60) | 0.138 | 43 (82.70) | 9 (81.80) | 1.000 |
Users | 9 (25.00) | 2 (7.40) | - | 9 (17.30) | 2 (18.20) | - |
Diet only | ||||||
Non-users | 16 (44.40) | 17 (63.00) | 0.145 | 26 (50.00) | 7 (63.60) | 0.411 |
Users | 20 (55.60) | 10 (37.00) | - | 26 (50.00) | 4 (36.40) | - |
Type of oral treatment | ||||||
Biguanide | ||||||
Non-users | 32 (88.90) | 22 (81.50) | 0.640 | 43 (82.70) | 11 (100) | 0.310 |
Users | 4 (11.10) | 5 (18.50) | - | 9 (17.30) | 0 (0) | - |
Sulfonylureas | ||||||
Non-users | 29 (80.60) | 23 (85.20) | 0.886 | 42 (80.80) | 10 (90.9) | 0.713 |
Users | 7(19.40) | 4 (14.80) | - | 10 (19.20) | 1 (9.1) | - |
α-glucosidase inhibitor | ||||||
Non-users | 29 (80.60) | 25 (92.60) | 0.323 | 44 (84.60) | 10 (90.9) | 0.946 |
Users | 7 (19.40) | 2 (7.40) | - | 8 (15.40) | 1 (9.1) | - |
- Citation: Zhang H, Gao C, Fang L, Yao SK. Increased international normalized ratio level in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with diabetes mellitus. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(15): 2395-2403
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i15/2395.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i15.2395