Promising effect of Magliasa, a traditional Iranian formula, on experimental colitis on the basis of biochemical and cellular findings

Table 1 Magliasa powder ingredient characteristics

Scientific name	Iranian name	Part	Major constituents
Lepidium sativum	Taretizak	Seed	Glucosinolates, imidazole alkaloids, fatty acids, and sterols[60-63]
Bunium persicum	Zire kermani	Fruit	Flavonoids, essential oils, and tannins[69,70]
Linum usitatissimum	Katan	Seed	Mucilage, cyanogenic glycoside, lignans, fatty acids, and phenylpropan derivatives[74]
Allium ampeloprasum cv. Porrum	Tare	Seed	Saponins, flavonoids, carotenoids, and sulfur-containing compounds[78-80]
Terminalia chebula	Halile siah	Fruit	Tannins, anthraquinones, triterpene glycosides, and beta-Sitosterol[81,82]
Pistacia lentiscus	Mastaki	Gum resin	Triterpene acids and alcohols, and essential oils[81]

Cox-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; CD: Crohn’s disease; NO: Nitric oxide; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: interleukin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor κB.

Table 2 Thin layer chromatography analysis of Magliasa

Type of extract	Solvent system	RF values	Intensity of spot
Dichloromethane	Hexane: ethyl acetate (5:4 v/v)	0.048	Moderately intense
		0.181	Faint
		0.238	Intense
		0.286	Faint
		0.333	Intense
		0.380	Intense
		0.430	Faint
		0.476	Faint
		0.524	Moderately intense
		0.571	Faint
		0.619	Faint
		0.670	Faint
		0.714	Faint
		0.762	Intense
		0.838	Faint
		0.876	Moderately intense

RF: Retention factor.

Table 3 Macroscopic and microscopic scores as criteria for assessing colonic damage

Group	Macroscopic score		Microscopic score
	mean ± SE	Median (range)	mean ± SE	Median (range)
Sham	0.00 ± 0.00	0 (0-0)	0.00 ± 0.00	0 (0-0)
Control	3.40 ± 0.24a	3 (3-4)	4.00 ± 0.32a	4 (3-5)
Dexa	0.33 ± 0.21c	0 (0-1)	0.67 ± 0.21c	1 (0-1)
Inf	0.83 ± 0.31c	1 (0-2)	1.50 ± 0.34c	1 (1-3)
Mag-50	2.20 ± 0.37aeg	2 (1-3)	2.60 ± 0.51ae	3 (1-4)
Mag-100	1.80 ± 0.58ace	1 (1-4)	2.40 ± 0.75a	2 (1-5)
Mag-200	1.20 ± 0.20c	1 (1-2)	1.60 ± 0.40c	1 (1-3)

^aP < 0.05 vs Sham group;

^cP < 0.05 vs the control group;

^eP < 0.05 vs the dexamethasone group;

^gP < 0.05 vs the infliximab group. Dexa: Dexamethasone; Inf: Infliximab; Mag-50: Magliasa at a dose of 50 mg/kg; Mag-100: Magliasa at a dose of 100 mg/kg; Mag-200: Magliasa at a dose of 200 mg/kg.