Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage

Table 1 Published large case series on endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage

Authors	Yr	Number of cases	Technical success (%)	Complication (number of cases)
Kahaleh et al[14]	2006	23	91	Bile leak (1), pneumoperitoneum (2), bleeding (1)
Bories et al[31]	2007	11	91	Biloma (1), cholangitis (1), stent occlusion (1)
Will et al[22]	2007	12	90	Pain (1), cholangitis (1)
Shami et al[34]	2007	23	91	Bile leak (1), pneumoperitoneum (2)
Park et al[38]	2009	14	100	Stent migration (1)
Maranki et al[27]	2009	49	84	Biliary peritonitis (1), pain (1), pneumoperitoneum (4), aspiration pneumonia (1), bleeding (1)
Kim et al[19]	2010	15	100	None

Table 2 Devices for endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (in addition to standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography devices)

Therapeutic EUS scope
19 and 22 gauge standard EUS-FNA needles
19 gauge access EUS needle (Cook Endoscopy)
Standard length guide wires (450 cm)
0.035 inch
0.018 inch
Over-the-wire needle-knife sphincterotome
Cystotome (Cook Endoscopy)
Biliary dilation balloons
Three way IV adaptor with needleless cap
Stents
Plastic stent
Pigtail biliary stent
Straight biliary stent
Self expandable metal stents (uncovered, partially covered and fully covered)

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; FNA: Fine needle aspiration.