Incidence of port-site metastasis after undergoing robotic surgery for biliary malignancies

Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients undergoing robotic surgery for biliary tract cancers

Characteristics	No. of patients (n = 64)
Age (yr)
Median	67
Range	40-85
Gender
Male	37
Female	27
Tumor locations
Intra-hepatic biliary cancer	3
Hiliar biliary cancer	39 (1 conversion, 1 death)
Middle biliary cancer	1
Distal biliary cancer	10 (1 conversion, 1 death)
Gallbladder cancer	11
Conversion to open procedures	2
Presence of ascites
Yes	8
No	56
Use of retrieval bags
Yes	55
No	9
Postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy
Yes	29
No	35
Port-site metastasis	2

Table 2 The American Joint Committee on Cancer stage of the 64 patients with biliary tract cancers

Stage	Hilar biliary cancer (n = 39)	Mid- and distal biliary cancer (n = 11)	Gallbladder cancer (n = 11)	Intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma (n = 3)
T1	1	1	0	0
T2	8	9	0	2
T3	14	1	4	0
T4	16	0	7	1

Table 3 The diagnosis and robotic surgical procedures of the 64 patients with biliary tract cancer

Tumor location	Surgical procedure	Number	Average time of procedures (min)
Intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma (n = 3)	Hepatic segmentectomy	3	220 (170-260)
Hilar biliary cancer (n = 39)	Anatomical left hemihepatectomy	3 (1 open conversion)	530 (410-650)
	Excision of tumor and GD-bridged biliary reconstruction	3	415 (390-460)
	Excision of tumor and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy	15	400 (350-510)
	Excision of tumor and biliary reconstruction	1	350
	Excision of tumor and external biliary drainage	7	210 (190-290)
	Excision of tumor and T-tube biliary drainage	10 (1 death)	230 (210-280)
Middle biliary cancer (n = 1)	Excision of tumor and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy	1	330
Distal biliary cancer (n = 10)	Whipple procedures	10 (1 conversion, 1 death)	720 (570-870)
Gallbladder cancer (n = 11)	Excision of GD tumor and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy	2	450 (410-490)
	Cholecystectomy	3	200 (170-300)
	Cholecystectomy and internal biliary drainage	1	220
	Cholecystectomy and T-tube biliary drainage	5	230 (210-280)

GD: Gallbladder.

Table 4 The postoperative morbidites and mortalities of the patients undergoing robotic surgery for biliary tract cancer (%)

Complications	No. of patients (n = 64)
Open conversion	2 (3.1)
Morbidity	9 (14.1)
Minor biliary leakage	3
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage	1
Pancreatic leakage	2
Pulmonary infection	2
Acute renal failure	1
Mortality	2 (3.1)
Pulmonary infection	1
Acute renal failure	1