Thioredoxin and thioredoxin-interacting protein as prognostic markers for gastric cancer recurrence

Table 1 Clinicopathological factors of the gastric cancer patients

Characteristics	Microarray(n = 65)	qRT-PCR(n = 68)	TMA(n = 328)
Age
mean (range), yr	63 (32-83)	56 (26-82)	57 (25-82)
Sex, n (%)
Male/female	46 (71)/19 (29)	36 (53)/32 (47)	204 (62)/124 (38)
Follow up duration
Mean (95% CI), mo	41.7 (41-42)	89.5 (79-100)	99.8 (97.5-102)
Histological type, n (%)
Intestinal	23 (35)	14 (21)	100 (30)
Diffuse	42 (65)	54 (79)	228 (70)
TNM stage, n (%)
I	12 (18)	0	101 (31)
II	11 (17)	0	79 (24)
III	26 (40)	68 (100)	110 (33)
IV	16 (25)	0	38 (12)
Location, n (%)
Cardia	5 (8)	8 (12)	25 (8)
Non cardia	60 (92)	60 (88)	303 (92)
Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)
Yes	49 (75)	59 (87)	230 (70)
No	16 (25)	9 (13)	98 (30)

qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; TMA: Tissue microarray; TNM: Tumor node metastasis.

Table 2 Prognoses of stage III gastric cancer patients according to the thioredoxin and thioredoxin-interacting protein gene expression levels

Group	Mean RFS,(95% CI), mo	3-yr recurrenc-e-free rate (%)	5-yr surviv-al rate (%)
1: Low TXN and high TXNIP	Non applicable	70	89
2: Neither group 1 nor group 3	36.7 (15.5-57.9)	51	73
3: High TXN and low TXNIP	11.9 (9.5-14.2)	7	29
P value by log rank test		P < 0.001	P = 0.001

RFS: Recurrence-free survival; TXN: Thioredoxin; TXNIP: Thioredoxin-interacting protein.

Table 3 Protein expression of thioredoxin and thioredoxin-interacting protein in gastric cancers

Characteristic (n)	TXN overexpressionn (%)	TXNIP underexpressionn (%)
Total (328)	213 (65)	278 (85)
Histologic type
Diffuse type (228)	149 (65)	201 (88)
Intestinal type (100)	64 (64)	77 (77)
	P = 0.9	P = 0.012
Stage
Stage I/II (180)	116 (64)	142 (79)
Stage III/IV (148)	97 (66)	136 (92)
	P = 0.767	P = 0.009

TXN: Thioredoxin; TXNIP: Thioredoxin-interacting protein.

Table 4 In-trans correlation analysis of thioredoxin and thioredoxin-interacting protein with whole mRNA expressing genes

Symbol	Gene name	Correlation with TXN		Correlation with TXNIP
		r	P value	r	P value
TXN	Thioredoxin	1.000	0.000	-0.295	0.022
RPL6	Ribosomal protein L6	0.779	< 0.001	-0.335	0.009
GLRX2	Glutaredoxin 2	0.764	< 0.001	-0.314	0.015
RPL29	Ribosomal protein L29	0.757	< 0.001	-0.360	0.005
MRPL22	Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L22	0.751	< 0.001	-0.225	0.085
MRPL42	Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42	0.734	< 0.001	-0.181	0.166
MRPS17	Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S17	0.732	< 0.001	-0.387	0.002
ATP5S	ATP synthase-coupling factor B	0.728	< 0.001	-0.182	0.165
PRDX4	Peroxiredoxin 4	0.722	< 0.001	-0.321	0.012
AURKA	Aurora kinase A	0.611	< 0.001	-0.486	< 0.001
ERO1L	ERO1-like	0.586	< 0.001	-0.200	0.125
HIG2	Chromosome 7 open reading frame 68	0.574	< 0.001	-0.089	0.498
CCNB1	Cyclin B1	0.563	< 0.001	-0.503	< 0.001
ERBB3	HER3	0.004	0.975	-0.536	< 0.001
TXNIP	Thioredoxin interacting protein	-0.295	0.022	1.000	0.000
ATG12	ATG12 autophagy related 12 homolog	-0.482	< 0.001	0.072	0.582
ATG16L2	ATG16 autophagy related 16-like 2	-0.722	< 0.001	0.216	0.098
ATG10	Autophagy related 10 homolog	-0.756	< 0.001	0.266	0.040

TXN: Thioredoxin; TXNIP: Thioredoxin-interacting protein.