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©2012 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2012; 18(37): 5164-5170
Published online Oct 7, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i37.5164
Published online Oct 7, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i37.5164
Table 1 Risk factors for gastric cancer
| Genetic factors | Environmental factors | Other factors |
| Sex | Helicobacter pylori | Gastric adenomas |
| Familial adenomatous polyposis | Epstein-Barr virus | Barrett’s esophagus |
| Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch II) | Nitrites | Hamartomas |
| Genetic diffuse gastric cancer (E-cadherin - CDH1 mutation) | Excess alcohol ingestion | Ménétrier’s disease |
| Genetic polymorphisms for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines | High intake of salted, pickled, or smoked foods | Chronic atrophic gastritis |
| Polymorphisms for cell receptors of innate immune response | Low intake of fiber, fruits and vegetables | Gastric metaplasia |
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Antioxidant consumption (especially ascorbic acid, carotenoids, folates and tocopherols) | Pernicious anemia |
| Tobacco smoking (adenocarcinoma of cardia) | Benign gastric ulcers | |
| Fundic gland polyps | ||
| Hyperplastic polyps | ||
| Gastric biopsy revealing high-grade dysplasia | ||
| History of subtotal gastrectomy (> 20 yr) |
- Citation: Gomceli I, Demiriz B, Tez M. Gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18(37): 5164-5170
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v18/i37/5164.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i37.5164