Inpatient capsule endoscopy leads to frequent incomplete small bowel examinations

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population, capsule endoscopy indications and findings n (%)

Patient characteristics	IP (n = 70)	OP (n = 264)	P value
Age (yr)	60.9 ± 18.4	53.0 ± 17.7	0.0011
Gender (male/female)	34/36	96/168	0.07
Indications
Occult obscure GIB	37 (52.9)	124 (46.9)	0.381
Overt GIB	24 (34.3)	23 (8.7)	0.0001
Abdominal pain	11 (15.7)	92 (36.7)	0.002
Assess IBD	8 (11.4)	83 (31.4)	0.001
Assess small bowel masses	1 (1.4)	17 (6.4)	0.137
Assess celiac disease	1 (1.4)	3 (1.1)	1.000
Others	0 (0)	9 (3.4)	0.213
Findings
AVM	33 (47.1)	116 (43.9)	0.632
SB ulceration/erosion	19 (27.1)	116 (43.9)	0.011
Active bleed	11 (15.7)	12 (4.6)	0.001
Esophagitis/duodenitis/gastritis	7 (10.0)	28 (10.6)	1.000
Mass/polyp	13 (18.6)	43 (16.3)	0.649
Excess retained food	7 (10.0)	22 (8.3)	0.660
Others	6 (8.6)	19 (7.2)	0.698

IP: In-patient; OP: Out-patient; GIB: Gastrointestinal bleed; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; AVM: Arteriovenous malformation; SB: Small bowel.

¹t test; the rest, Chi-square or fisher exact test as appropriate.

Table 2 Identification of potential risk factors for an incomplete exam by univariate analysis in all patients

Pre-procedure factors	P value	Post-procedure factors	P value
Location	0.0001	AVM	0.001
Occult GIB	0.042	Blood	0.016
Overt GIB	0.054	Visible vessel	0.013
Abdominal pain	0.608	Lymphoid hyperplasia	0.014
Assessment of IBD	0.142	GAVE	0.051
History of FAP	0.999	Findings suggestive of CD	0.007
History of DA	0.199	Excess food	0.006
Nausea/vomiting	0.879	Phlebectasia	0.011
Diarrhea	0.929	Large gastric folds	0.010
Colon polyps	0.999	White villi	0.01
History of OVR	1	Edema	0.415
History of carcinoid tumors	0.999	Submucosal mass	0.372
History of PJS	1	Mucosal mass	0.119
History of VE	1	Erosions	0.350
Age	0.113	Ulcer	0.308
Gender	0.232	Duodenitis	0.597
		Diverticulitis	0.461
		Mucosal break	0.078
		Esophagitis	0.062
		Stricture	0.399
		Reader	0.982
		GTT	0.0001
		SBTT	0.001

GIB: Gastrointestinal bleed; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis; DA: Duodenal adenoma; OVR: Osler Veber Rendu; PJS: Peutz Jeghers syndrome; VE: Vascular ectasia; AVM: Arteriovenous malformation; GAVE: Gastric vascular ectasia; CD: Crohn’s disease; GTT: Gastric transit time; SBTT: Small bowel transit time.

Table 3 Effect of medication use and comorbidities on capsule endoscopy completion rate in hospitalized patients

Risk factors	P values
Diabetes	0.416
Neuropathy	0.382
Hypotension	0.947
Immobility	0.381
Medications in aggregate	0.271
Narcotics	0.311
Anticholinergics	0.815
Beta-blockers	0.711
Calcium channel blockers	0.931
Inotropes	0.197
Motility enhancers	0.337

Table 4 Independent predictors of incomplete capsule endoscopy in multivariate analysis

Factors	Beta value	SE	Wald ×2	P value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Intercept	-3.369	0.349	93.344	0.000
Location	1.457	0.415	12.328	0.000	4.294	1.904-9.686
GTT	0.012	0.003	18.177	0.000	1.012	1.006-1.017

GTT: Gastric transit time.