Metastases of esophageal carcinoma to skeletal muscle: Single center experience

Table 1 Patients with esophageal carcinoma and skeletal muscle metastases in the present series

Patient	Age at diagnosis (yr)	Histology	Stage at diagnosis	Timing	Primary therapy	Metastatic interval (mo)	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Location	Other metastases	Therapy for muscle metastases	Survival from the diagnosis of muscle metastasis (mo)
1	64	Adeno	II	Metachronous	CXRT	32	Mass	PET/CT; biopsy	Quadriceps femoris	B; LN (subs)	CXRT	31
2	76	SCC	III	Metachronous	CXRT	5	None	PET/CT; biopsy	Gluteus minimus; psoas	L; P; A; LN (subs)	CXRT	16
3	57	SCC	IV	Synchronous	None	0	None	PET/CT	Subscapularis	B	CRT; subs XRT	5
4	42	Adeno	IV	Synchronous	CXRT	0	None	PET/CT; biopsy	Iliacus	PR	S	16
5	60	SCC; adeno (pancreas)	IV	Synchronous	None	0	None	PET/CT; autopsy	Multiple	Multiple	None	2

A: Adrenal; Adeno: Adenocarcinoma; B: Bone; CRT: Chemotherapy; CXRT: Chemoradiation; L: Lungs; P: Pleura; PR: Peritoneum; LN: Lymph nodes; S: Surgery; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; subs: Subsequently; XRT: Radiotherapy; PET/CT: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Table 2 Overview of the reports of esophageal carcinoma skeletal muscle metastases

Ref.	Sex	Age (yr)	Histology	Timing	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Location of muscle metastases	Other metastases	Therapy	Outcome
Heyer et al[18]	M	54	Adeno	Synchronous	Asymptomatic; fortuitously detected during CT	CT; MRI; biopsy	Multiple	None	CXRT (to the primary)	ND
Rehman et al[19]	M	71	Adeno	ND	Pain; unable to walk	MRI; biopsy	Thigh	ND	XRT (metastases)	Symptomatic relief 2 wk later
Kozyreva et al[20]	M	72	Adeno (T3N1Mx)	Synchronous	Asymptomatic; fortuitously detected during PET/CT	PET/CT; biopsy	Deltoid	None	C (oxaliplatin + 5FU/FA)	Progression of muscle metastases
Schultz et al[5]	ND	ND	SCC	Synchronous	ND	CT; biopsy	Gluteus minimus	ND	ND	ND
Heffernan et al[21]	F	67	Adeno	5 mo after surgery	Asymptomatic; fortuitously detected during PET/CT	PET/CT	Multiple	Mediastinum	ND	ND
Wu et al[22]	M	67	Adeno	Synchronous	Asymptomatic; fortuitously detected during PET/CT	PET/CT; biopsy	Gluteus minimus	None	ND	ND
Lekse et al[23]	F	78	Adeno	4 mo after diagnosis	Diplopia	CT; biopsy	Inferior rectus ocular	Lung	Symptomatic	ND
Lekse et al[23]	M	78	Adeno	2 mo after diagnosis	Diplopia; loss of vision	MRI	Lateral rectus ocular	Lung; bone; liver	XRT; C (5FU + FA)	ND

5FU: 5-fluorouracil; Adeno: Adenocarcinoma; C: Chemotherapy; CT: Computed tomography; CXRT: Chemoradiation; FA: Folinic acid; M: Male; F: Female; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; ND: Not described; PET: Positron emission tomography; XRT: Radiotherapy; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma.