MicroRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease - pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics

Table 1 Overview of dysregulated miRNAs reported to date in tissues from inflammatory bowel disease patients

miRNAs	Sample type	Population (n)	Approach	Reference
miRs-192, 375, 422b, 16, 21, 23a, 24, 29a, 126, 195, and let-7f	Sigmoid colon biopsies	Active UC (n = 15) vs healthy controls (n = 15)	Microarray and qRT-PCR	Wu et al[45]
miR-21 and miR-155	Sigmoid colon biopsies	Active UC (n = 12) vs healthy controls (n = 12)	Microarray and qRT-PCR	Takagi et al[49]
miRs-19b, 629, 23b, 106a, and 191	Sigmoid colon biopsies	Active CD (n = 5) vs healthy controls (n = 13)	Microarray and qRT-PCR	Wu et al[50]
miRs-16, 21, 223, and 594	Terminal ileum biopsies	Active CD (n = 6) vs healthy controls (n = 13)	Microarray and qRT-PCR	Wu et al[50]
miRs-188-5p, 215, 320a, 346, 7, 31, 135b, 223, 29a, 29b, 126*, 127-3p, and 324-3p	Colon biopsies	Active UC (n = 8) vs healthy controls (n = 8)	qRT-PCR	Fasseu et al[51]
miRs-188-5p, 215, 320a, 346, 196a, 29a, 29b, 126*, 127-3p, and 324-3p	Colon biopsies	Inactive UC (n = 8) vs healthy controls (n = 8)	qRT-PCR	Fasseu et al[51]
miRs-9, 126, 130a, 181c, 375, 26a, 29b, 30b, 34c-5p, 126*, 127-3p, 133b, 155, 196a, 324-3p, 21, 22, 29c, 31, 106a, 146a, 146b-3p, and 150	Colon biopsies	Active CD (n = 8) vs healthy controls (n = 8)	qRT-PCR	Fasseu et al[51]
miRs-9*, 30a*, 30c, 223, 26a, 29b, 30b, 34c-5p, 126*, 127-3p, 133b, 155, 196a, 324-3p, 21, 22, 29c, 31, 106a, 146a, 146b-3p, and 150	Colon biopsies	Inactive CD (n = 8) vs healthy controls (n = 8)	qRT-PCR	Fasseu et al[51]
miRs-150, 196b, 199a-3p, 199b-5p, 223, and 320a	Colon biopsies	Inactive UC (n = 8) vs Inactive CD (n = 8)	qRT-PCR	Fasseu et al[51]
miR-7	Colon biopsies	Active CD (n = 8) vs healthy controls (n = 6)	qRT-PCR	Nguyen et al[53]
miR-150	Colon biopsies	Active UC (n = 5) vs healthy controls (n = 4)	qRT-PCR	Bian et al[47]
miR-196	Colon biopsies	Active CD (n = 83) vs healthy controls (n = 67)	qRT-PCR and ISH	Brest et al[54]
miR-143 and miR-145	Colon biopsies	Active UC (n = 8) vs healthy controls (n = 8)	qRT-PCR	Pekow et al[52]

Both downregulated miRNAs (miRs) and upregulated (bold characters) are shown. CD: Crohn’s disease; ISH: In situ hybridization; UC: Ulcerative colitis; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Table 2 Overview of dysregulated circulating miRNAs reported to date in sera of inflammatory bowel disease patients

miRNAs	Sample type	Population (n)	Approach	Reference
miRs-149*, miRplus-F1065, 199a-5p, 362-3p, 340*, 532-3p, and miRplus-E1271	Peripheral blood	Active CD (n = 14) vs healthy controls (n = 13)	Microarray and qRT-PCR	Wu et al[57]
miR-149* and miR-340*	Peripheral blood	Inactive CD (n = 5) vs healthy controls (n = 13)	Microarray and qRT-PCR	Wu et al[57]
miRs-505*, 28-5p, 151-5p, 103-2*, 199a-5p, 340*, 362-3p, 532-3p, and miRplus-E1271	Peripheral blood	Active UC (n = 13) vs healthy controls (n = 13)	Microarray and qRT-PCR	Wu et al[57]
miRs-505*, 28-5p, 103-2*, 149*, 151-5p, 340*, 532-3p, and miRplus-E1153	Peripheral blood	Active UC (n = 10) vs active CD (n = 14)	Microarray and qRT-PCR	Wu et al[57]
miRs-195, 16, 93, 140, 30e, 20a, 106a, 192, 21, 484, and let-7b	Serum	Active CD (n = 46) vs healthy controls (n = 32)	LDA qRT-PCR	Zahm et al[58]
miRs-16, 23a, 29a, 106a, 107, 126, 191, 199a-5p, 200c, 362-3p, and 532-3p	Peripheral blood	Active CD (n = 128) vs healthy controls (n = 162)	qRT-PCR	Paraskevi et al[59]
miRs-16, 21, 28-5p, 151-5p, 155, and 199a-5p	Peripheral blood	Active UC (n = 88) vs healthy controls (n = 162)	qRT-PCR	Paraskevi et al[59]
miRs-188-5p, 422a, 378, 500, 501-5p, 769-5p, and 874	Peripheral blood	UC (n = 20) vs healthy controls (n = 20)	qRT-PCR	Duttagupta et al[60]

Downregulated miRNAs (miRs) as well as upregulated (bold characters) are shown. CD: Crohn’s disease; LDA: Low-density array; UC: Ulcerative colitis; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.