Surveillance for gastrointestinal malignancies

Table 1 At-risk cohorts for considering surveillance for gastrointestinal malignancies

Esophageal cancer

Barrett’s esophagus

Tylosis palmaris

Lye ingestion

Head and Neck tumors patients with flushing response/inactive ALDH1 allele

Gastric cancer

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer

Lynch syndrome

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Juvenile polyposis syndrome

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Atrophic gastritis/pernicious anemia

Post-partial gastrectomy

Sporadic adenoma

18-60 yr old Inhabitants of high-risk areas

Pancreatic cancer

Hereditary pancreatitis

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Familial pancreatic cancer kindred (≥ 1 first-degree relative and ≥ 3 first, second or third degree relative with pancreatic cancer)

Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma

Familial breast-ovarian cancer

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome)

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Cystic fibrosis

Fanconi anemia

Ataxia telangiectasia

Incidentally discovered IPMN/PanIN lesions

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis B carriers (Asians and Africans)

Hepatitis B cirrhosis

Family history of HCC (mainly Asians and Africans)

Treated hepatitis B cirrhosis (Asians)

Hepatitis C cirrhosis

Treated hepatitis C cirrhosis

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Genetic hemochromatosis

Alfa1-antitrypsin deficiency

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Colorectal cancer

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Attenuated FAP (AFAP)

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome)

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Juvenile polyposis syndrome

MUTYH-associated polyposis

Hyperplastic polyposis

Patients with long-standing IBD

Acromegaly patients

Positive findings on index colonoscopy (at 50 yr) such as three or more tubular adenomas, tubular adenoma > 10 mm, adenoma with villous histology, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia, after surgical removal of invasive cancer, incomplete removal of neoplastic lesion

IPMN: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms; PanIN: Pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; ALPH1: Aldehyclen dehydrogenase 1; MUTYH: Human MutY homolog.