Overview and developments in noninvasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Overview of noninvasive methods in diagnosis of liver disease severity that have been evaluated in the context of non-alcoholic

Routine laboratory tests

Liver enzymes

Parameters of liver dysfunction

Imaging methods

Ultrasound

Computed tomography

Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance elastography

Liver stiffness measurement

Transient elastography (FibroScan)

Acoustic radiation force impulse shear wave imaging

Biomarkers of necroinflammation

Cytokeratin 18 fragments

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein

Interleukin-6

C-C chemokine ligand 2

Plasma pentraxin 3

Oxidative stress measurement

Tumor necrosis factor-α

Adiponectin

Insulin resistance measurement

Multicomponent tests for diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Nash test

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis clinical scoring system for morbid obesity

Model by Miele et al[61]

Biomarkers of fibrosis

Hyaluronic acid

Laminin

Type VI collagen 7S domain

Multicomponent panels for diagnosis of fibrosis

Fibrotest

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score

European liver fibrosis panel/enhanced liver fibrosis panel