High level of urokinase plasminogen activator contributes to cholangiocarcinoma invasion and metastasis

Table 1 Correlation between urokinase plasminogen activator expression and clinicopathological features

Variables	uPA		P value
	Low	High
Age (yr)
≤ 50	22	23	0.793
> 50	66	63
Sex
Male	61	55	0.453
Female	27	31
Tumor size (cm)
≤ 5	29	28	0.956
> 5	59	58
Histotype group
Well differentiated	33	31	0.065
Moderately differentiated	16	20
Poorly differentiated	18	6
Papillary	20	25
Adenosquamous	1	4
Gross type
Mass forming	71	63	0.348
Periductal infiltration	15	22
Mix type1	2	1
Vascular invasion (n = 168)
Absent	28	32	0.451
Present	57	51
Nerve invasion (n = 166)
Absent	55	46	0.154
Present	28	37
Lymphatic invasion (n = 167)
Absent	29	15	0.0122
Present	55	68
Metastasis
Absent	50	36	0.0482
Present	38	50

¹Classify as both mass forming and periductal or intraductal;

²Statistically significant. uPA: Urokinase plasminogen activator.