Gastric mucosal damage in water immersion stress: Mechanism and prevention with GHRP-6

Table 1 The lesion areas of gastric mucosa in different groups

Group	Lesion area (mm2)
WRS (23 °C)	81.8 ± 6.4b
WRS (19 °C)	97.5 ± 8.7b
WRS (35 °C)	56.4 ± 5.2d
WRS + GHRP-6	12.0 ± 2.8d
SR	0.0 ± 0.0d
FS (23 °C)	99.5 ± 6.9b
Shallow water touch	0.0 ± 0.0d
WRS + eye occlusion	91.2 ± 8.4b
R + NWCI	0.0 ± 0.0b
R + SO immersion	80.6 ± 6.9b
R + LP immersion	82.3 ± 7.1b
R + sand immersion	0.0 ± 0.0d
WRS + anesthesia	0.0 ± 0.0d
WRS + vagotomy	0.0 ± 0.0d
WRS + atropine	0.0 ± 0.0d
Normal control	0.0 ± 0.0

^bP < 0.01 vs simple restraint (SR) or normal control;

^dP < 0.01 vs water immersion restraint stress (WRS) group. FS: Free swimming; NWCI: Non-water contact immersion; SO: Salad oil; LP: Liquid paraffin; R: Restraint.

Table 2 The effect of growth hormone releasing peptide-6 on the plasma levels of stress-related factors in rats

	ET-1 (pg/mL)	Renin activity (pg/mL)	TXB2 (ng/mL)
WRS	152.23 ± 10.70d	1.71 ± 0.59d	311.31 ± 50.54d
WRS + GHRP-6	115.11 ± 4.08b	0.65 ± 0.29a	125.84 ± 8.36b
SR	97.11 ± 4.71	0.11 ± 0.03	69.93 ± 22.13

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs WRS group;

^dP < 0.01 vs SR group. WRS: Water immersion restraint stress; SR: Simple restraint; GHRP-6: Growth hormone releasing peptide-6; ET-1: Endothelin-1; TXB2: Thromboxane B2.