Potential prospects of nanomedicine for targeted therapeutics in inflammatory bowel diseases

Table 1 Comparison of therapeutic parameters

Experimental system	Drug in nano mode	Comparison of differences in certain distinct therapeutic parameters		Ref.
		Nano mode	Controls
In vivo TNBS-induced murine colitis	5-ASA covalently linked to PCL nanoparticles	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of 5-ASA-NP at 0.5 mg/kg: 15.2 ± 5.6 U/mg	MPO activity of 5-ASA free solution at 30 mg/kg: 16.2 ± 3.6 U/mg	[67]
In vivo TNBS-induced murine colitis	5-ASA in silicon nanoparticles	MPO activity of 5-ASA-Si NP at 25 mg/kg: 5.2 ± 2.4 U/mg	MPO activity of 5-ASA-free solution at 100 mg/kg: 8.2 ± 3.4 U/mg	[68]
In vivo TNBS-induced murine colitis/oxazolone-induced murine colitis	Tacrolimus in PLGA NPs	Enhanced penetration into the inflamed tissue-FK506-NP, 105 ± 24 nmol/cm2	Healthy tissue penetration-FK506-NP, 51 ± 13 nmol/cm2	[69]
In vivo DSS- induced murine colitis	Tacrolimus in PLGA/or pH sensitive Eudragit P-4135F NPs	Diminished side effects	Increased susceptibility to nephrotoxicity	[70]
In vivo DSS-induced murine colitis	Anti-inflammatory tripeptide KPV in PLA NPs	Nanomode with lowered doses at 25.2 ng/d	Free solution has the similar anti-inflammatory impact at 200 μg/d	[71]
Whole blood ex vivo models of PBMCs	Dexamethasone in SLNs	90% reduction in proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α	25% reduction in TNF-α by the free solution	[73]
Whole blood ex vivo models of PBMCs	chol-but in SLNs	Significant decrease in IL-1β, and TNF-α increase in IL-10	-	[73]

NP: Nanoparticle; TNBS: Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; 5-ASA: Mesalamine; KPV: Lys-Pro-Val; PLA: Polylactide; SLNs: Solid lipid nanoparticles; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; PLGA: Polylactic-co-glycolic acid.