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©2012 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. May 14, 2012; 18(18): 2219-2224
Published online May 14, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i18.2219
Published online May 14, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i18.2219
Group 1(n = 50) | Group 2 (n = 50) | Group 3 (n = 50) | |
Age (yr) | 68 (40-96) | 61 (30-92) | 67 (40-94) |
Gender (M/F) | 31/19 | 33/17 | 34/16 |
Location of ulcer | |||
Stomach | 26 (52) | 23 (46) | 28 (56) |
Duodenum | 24 (48) | 27 (54) | 22 (44) |
Ulcer size (cm) | |||
< 2 | 36 (72) | 44 (88 ) | 37 (74) |
≥ 2 | 14 (28) | 6 (12) | 13 (26) |
Gastric content | |||
Blood | 19 (38) | 22 (44) | 21 (42) |
Coffee ground | 31 (62) | 28 (56) | 29 (58) |
Shock | 4 (8) | 2 (4) | 1 (2) |
Hb level (g/dL) | 9.3 (3.9-14.7) | 9.0 (3.6-14.2) | 9.4 (5.6-14.3) |
Comorbid disease | 36 (72) | 35 (70) | 33 (60) |
NSAIDs | 15 (30) | 23 (46) | 29 (58) |
Alcohol consumption | 20 (40) | 23 (46) | 30 (60) |
Smoker’s | 12 (24) | 16 (32) | 10 (20) |
Previous ulcer disease | 14 (28) | 10 (20) | 11 (22) |
Previous ulcer bleeding | 12 (24) | 10 (20) | 8 (16) |
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |
Primary outcome | |||
Early recurrent bleeding | 15 (30) | 8 (16) | 2 (4)cb |
Stigmata | |||
Spurting | 4 (26.7) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (50) |
Oozing | 5 (33.3) | 2 (25) | 1 (50) |
Visible vessel | 6 (40) | 5 (62.5) | 0 |
Secondary outcomes | |||
Initial hemostasis | 50 (100) | 50 (100) | 50 (100) |
Permanent hemostasis | 44 (88) | 46 (92) | 48 (96) |
Emergency surgery | 6 (12) | 4 (8) | 2 (4) |
30-d mortality | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 4 (8) |
Blood transfusion (mL) | 1041 (120-1997) | 912 (0-2039) | 840 (0-1893) |
Hospital stays (d) | 7.5 (1-14) | 7.6 (1-15) | 5.7(1-15)bd |
Recurrent bleeding rate (%) | RRR (%) | ARR (%) | NNT |
Small-volume vs large-volume epinephrine | 46.6 (-11.2-75.0) | 14.0 (-2.6-30.3) | 8.0 (37.7-3.3) |
Small-volume epinephrine vs hemoclips | 86.7 (51.7-96.5) | 26.0 (12.3-40.4) | 4.0 (2.5-8.1) |
Large-volume epinephrine vs hemoclips | 75.0 (9.0-23.0) | 12.0 (0.2-25.0) | 9.0 (4.0-476.0) |
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Citation: Ljubicic N, Budimir I, Biscanin A, Nikolic M, Supanc V, Hrabar D, Pavic T. Endoclips
vs large or small-volume epinephrine in peptic ulcer recurrent bleeding. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18(18): 2219-2224 - URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v18/i18/2219.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i18.2219