Endoscopic stenting and concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer: A case-control study

Table 1 Dysphagia assessment

Grade
Asymptomatic
Difficulty in swallowing solid food but able to swallow semisolid food
Difficulty in swallowing solid food, but able to swallow liquid one
Difficulty in swallowing liquid
Inability to swallow anything, including saliva

Table 2 Clinical and demographic characteristics of 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy-treated patients and controls

	3D-CRT(n = 67)	Control(n = 32)	P value
Gender
Male	53	24	0.796
Female	14	8
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	56.3 ± 12.7	58.6 ± 12.1	0.435
Karnofsky performance status
50-70	37	21	0.386
10-49	30	11
Dysphagia grade
3	6	4	0.673
4	46	23
5	15	5
Stage at diagnosis
III	56	29	0.539
IV	11	3
Tumor type
SCC	53	23	0.579
Adenocarcinoma	6	4
Unspecified	8	6
Location
Thoracic - middle	42	20	1.000
Thoracic - lower	25	12
Gross tumor volume (mean ± SD, m3)	44.6 ± 10.2	48.5 ± 11.1	0.077
Length (mean ± SD, cm)	7.3 ± 1.6	7.1 ± 1.8	0.299

SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; 3D-CRT: 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy.

Table 3 Radiological and clinical evaluation after 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy

	Before 3D-CRT	After 3D-CRT	P value
Tumor staging
T2 and T3	0	40 (78.4%)	< 0.05
T4	34 (66.7%)	11 (21.6%)
Tumor volume (mean ± SD, cm3)	43.7 ± 10.2	28.8 ± 8.5	< 0.05
Assessment of tumor response
Complete and partial response		57 (85.1%)
No response		10 (14.9%)
Dysphagia grade
≤ 3	6 (9.0%)	55 (82.1%)	< 0.05
≥ 4	61 (91.0%)	12 (17.9%)
Karnofsky performance status
50-70	37	49	0.031
10-49	30	18

3D-CRT: 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy.

Table 4 Comparison of clinical and survival outcomes between 3-dimensional conformal and control groups

Outcome	3D-CRT (n = 67)	Control (n = 32)
Median survival (d)	251.7	91.1
Overall survival at a half year	91%	50%
Over survival at 1 year	25%	0
Total hospital stay (mean ± SD, d)	146 ± 48	87 ± 29
Median hospitalization-free survival (mean ± SD, d)	186 ± 33	59 ± 18

3D-CRT: 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy.

Table 5 Toxicity and complications in patients after 4-wk 3-dimensional conformal and control group after treatment n (%)

	3D-CRT (n =67)	Control (n = 32)	P value
Hematologic
Anemia	33 (49.3)	11 (34.4)	0.198
Thrombocytopenia	21 (31.3)	7 (21.9)	0.475
Leukocytopenia	31 (46.7)	6 (18.8)	0.008
Non-hemotologic
Reflux esophagitis	28 (41.8)	15 (46.9)	0.669
Pectoralgia	29 (43.3)	14 (43.8)	1.000
Perforation	16 (23.9)	12 (37.5)	0.232
Restenosis	6 (9.0)	26 (81.3)	< 0.05
Nephrotoxicity	21 (31.3)	5 (15.6)	< 0.05
Shift and brush off of stent	8 (11.9)	5 (15.6)	0.751

3D-CRT: 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy.