Mouse models of pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Genotype (reference)	Time of expression	Time to tumor development (mo)	Pancreatic cancer phenotype	Survival (mo)
PDX-1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D[39]	E8.5	6	PDAC; penetrant PanIN; age dependent increase severity; occasionally PDAC with long latency	16
P48+/-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D[39]	E9.5	8	PDAC; penetrant PanIN; age dependent increase severity; occasionally PDAC with long latency	16
PDX-1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D; LSL-Trp53R172H/-[24]	E8.5	2-3	PDAC	5-6
			Accelerated PanIN; well differentiated PDCA
Mist1KrasG12D/+[25]	E10.5	2	Accelerated development of acinar-derived PanIN; mixed subtypes pancreatic cancer	10.8
KPCBwt/wt[42]	E8.5	2-3	PDAC	5.6
KPCBTr/wt[42]	E8.5	3	PDAC	4.8
KPCBTr/Δ11[42]	E8.5	1.5	PDAC; mixed	2.8
CKBwt/Δ11[41]	E8.5	6	PDAC	12
CKBwt/wt[41]	E8.5	6	PDAC	13.5
CPBΔ11/Δ11[41]	E8.5	3-5	PDAC; mixed	10
Pdx1-Cre; KrasG12D Ink4a/Arfflox/flox[23]	E8.5	2	PDAC; accelerated development of PanIN; poorly differentiated PDAC	2-3
Pdx1-Cre; KrasG12D Smad4flox/flox[55]	E8.5	2-3	IPMN; PDAC	2-6
Ptf1acre/+; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Tgfbr2flox/flox[27]	E9.5	1	PDAC; accelerated PanIN; PDAC development	2

PDAC: Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas; PanIN: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia; IPMN: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia.

Table 2 Comparison of mouse models for the clinical approach in pancreatic cancer

Mouse model	Cost	Time consuming	Clinical approach	Clinical reproducibility (human disease)
Transgenic engineered	++++	++++	+	++++
Xenograft heterotopic	+	+	++++	+
Xenograft orthotopic	++	++	+++	++

+: Low; ++: Medium; +++: High; ++++: Very high.