Management of portal hypertension in children

Table 1 Initial manifestation of portal hypertension

Reference	Mitra et al[60] (1978)	Pinkerton et al[62] (1972)	Spence et al[33] (1984)	Howard et al[61] (1988)
Patients	70	33	27	152
% Presenting with
Hemorrhage	80	97	85	46
Splenomegaly	99	24	100	94
Ascites	17	21	8	7

Table 2 Major complications of endoscopic sclerotherapy in children[61] (%)

Bleeding before treatment	39
Esophageal ulceration	29
Stricture formation	16
Recurrent varices	8

Table 3 Results of portosystemic shunting in children[63,64]

Type of portal hypertension	No. of patients	Rebleeding	Mortality
Extrahepatic	292	45%	5%
Intrahepatic	76	50%	53%