Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: An update on leucocyte esterase reagent strips

Table 1 Studies, patients included, ascitic fluid samples tested, inpatients/outpatients, type of leukocyte esterase reagent strips used, leukocyte esterase reagent strips cut-off grade of the study with Sens, Spec, PPV and NPV

Study	Patients	Samples	In/Out	M/F	SBP	LERS	LERS cut-off	Sens (%)	Spec (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)
Vanbiervliet et al[13]	72	78	72/0	44/28	9	Multistix8®SG	70 leuc/μL-G2	100	100	100	100
Castelote et al[14]	128	228	128/0	91/37	52	Aution® sticks	75 leuc/μL-G2	96	89	74	99
Thévenot et al[15]	31	100	23/8	13/18	9	Multistix8®SG	125 leuc/μL-G3	89	100	100	9
						Combur2LN®	75 leuc/μL-G2	89	100	100	99
Butani et al[16]	75	136	n/s	n/s	12	Multistix10®SG	70 leuc/μL-G2	83	99	91	98
Sapey et al[11]	34 (s-group)	55 (s-group)	n/s	51/15	13	Multistix10®SG	25 leuc/μL-G1	83/100	96/100	83/100	96/100
	76	184				Nephur-test®	25 leuc/μL-G1	86/100	92.5/100	75/100	99/100
Sapey et al[17]	51	245	9/42		17	Multistix10®SG	25 leuc/μL-G1	64.7	99.6	91.7	97.4
						Nephur-test®	25 leuc/μL-G1	88.2	99.6	93.8	99.1
Kim et al[18]	257	257	257/0	187/70	79	UriSCAN®	75 leuc/μL-G2	100	99	98	100
Kim et al[19]	53	75	53/0	36/17	18	Multistix10®SG	75 leuc/μL-G2	50	100	100	87
						UriSCAN®	75 leuc/μL-G2	100	100	100	100
Sarwar et al[20]	214	214	214/0	116/98	38	Combur10®	75 leuc/μL-G2	95	92	72	99
Wisniewski et al[21]	47	90	47/0	27/20	6	Multistix8®SG	15 leuc/μL-G1	83	83	42	97
Braga et al[22]	42	100	35/7	10/32	9	Combur® UX	75 leuc/μL-G2	100	98.9	92.3	100
Rerknimitr et al[23]	127	200	106/21	75/52	42	Combur10M®	25 leuc/μL-G1	88	81	55	96
Campillo et al[24]	116	443	n/s	76/40	33	Multistix8®SG	70 leuc/μL-G2	45.7	98	75	93.3
						Combur2LN®	75 leuc/μL-G2	63	99.2	91	92.9
Li et al[25]	84	84	84/0	47/37	25	Multistix10®SG	15 leuc/μL-G1	92.8	84.7	71.8	96.1
Ribeiro et al[26]	106	200	80/26	82/24	11	Multistix10®SG	15 leuc/μL-G1	86	96	60	99
Gaya et al[27]	105	173	71/34	71/34	17	Multistix10®SG	15 leuc/μL-G1	100	91	50	100
Nousbaum et al[28]	1041	2123	686/355	748/293	117	Multistix8®SG	70 leuc/μL-G2	45.3	99.2	77.9	96.9
Torun et al[29]	63	63	63/0	38/25	15	Aution® sticks	75 leuc/μL-G2	93	100	100	98
Nobre et al[30]	55	109	55/0	33/22	9	H-T Combina®	75 leuc/μL-G2	78	88	37	98
de Araujo et al[31]	71	155	43/28	57/24	17	Multistix10®SG	15 leuc/μL-G1	80	98.5	90.9	96.2
		159				Choiceline 10®	75 leuc/μL-G2	76.9	97.7	87	95.6
Balagopal et al[32]	175	n/f	n/f	146/29	n/f	Magistik10®	125 leuc/μL-n/f	92	100	n/f	n/f
Castellote et al[33]	51	n/s	51	n/s	53	Aution® sticks	75 leuc/μL-G2	89	86	62	97
Rerknimitr et al[34]	143	250	n/s	91/52	30	Multistix10®SG	?25 leuc/μL-G1	80	94.5	66.7	97.2
						Aution® sticks	?250 leuc/μL-G3	90	93.2	64.3	98.6
						Combur10®	?75 leuc/μL-G2	90	93.2	64.3	98.6
[letter]Gülberg et al[35]	n/s	194	n/s	n/s	16	Multistix10®SG	n/s	31	n/s	n/s	n/s
						Combur®	n/s	44	n/s	n/s	n/s
[letter]Farmer et al[36]	256	311	n/s	161/95	59	Multistix8®SG	70 leuc/μL-G2	96	96.5	90.7	99.4
[abstract] Delaunay- Tardy et al[37]	n/f	n/f	n/f	n/f	n/f	Multistix8®SG	n/f	60	n/f	n/f	n/f

Sens: Sensitivity; Spec: Specificity; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; LERS: Leukocyte esterase reagent strips; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; n/s : Not stated; n/f : Not found; G : Grade (as per LERS); In/out: Inpatients/outpatients; M/F : Male/female; s-group: subgroup