MicroRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 1 miRNA deregulation in human pancreatic cancer

miRNA	Lee et al[49]	Szafranska et al[50]	Bloomston et al[51]	Zhang et al[52]	Other	Outcome
let-7					↓[53]
let-7d	↑1
let-7f-1	↑
miR-10a			↑		↑[54]
miR-10b			↑
miR-15b	↑			↑
miR-16-1	↑
miR-18a		↑
miR-21	↑		↑		↑[55,56]	Poor[55]
miR-23a			↑
miR-23b			↑
miR-24-1,2	↑
miR-29c		↓
miR-31		↑
miR-92-1	↑
miR-93		↑
miR-95				↑
miR-96		↓
miR-99			↑
miR-100	↑		↑
miR-100-1/2			↑
miR-103-2			↑
miR-107	↑		↑
miR-125a			↑
miR-125b-1	↑		↑
miR-130b		↓
miR-139	↓
miR-141		↓
miR-142-P	↓
miR-143		↑	↑
miR-145		↑
miR-146			↑
miR-146a		↑
miR-148a		↓	↓
miR-148b		↓	↓
miR-150		↑
miR-155	↑	↑	↑			Poor[57]
miR-181a	↑		↑
miR-181b			↑
miR-181b-1			↑
miR-181b-2			↑
miR-181c	↑		↑
miR-181d			↑
miR-186				↑
miR-190				↑
miR-196a		↑		↑		miR-196a-2; Poor[51]
miR-196b		↑
miR-199a-1			↑
miR-199a-2			↑
miR-200b				↑
miR-203		↑				Poor[57]
miR-205		↑	↑
miR-210		↑	↑			Poor[57]
miR-212	↑
miR-213			↑
miR-216		↓
miR-217		↓
miR-220			↑
miR-221	↑	↑	↑	↑
miR-222		↑	↑	↑		Poor[57]
miR-223		↑	↑
miR-224		↑
miR-301	↑
miR-345	↓
miR-375		↓	↓
miR-376a	↑
miR-424	↑

¹Arrows indicate increased (↑) or decreased (↓) expression of the specified miRNA.

Table 2 miRNAs and their targets involved in human pancreatic cancer

miRNA	Function	Targets	Related cellular events	Ref.
let-7	Suppress	RAS[71]	Inhibit cell proliferation, KRAS expression, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation	[53]
let-7, miR-200	Suppress		Reverse EMT	[72]
Let-7a	Suppress	RAS	Attenuate KRAS expression and radiosensitize tumor cell	[73]
miR-10a	Oncogenic	HOXB1, 3	Promote metastatic behavior	[54]
miR-21	Oncogenic		Induce cell proliferation, invasion, chemoresistance	[56]
miR-21	Oncogenic		Potentially associated with cell proliferation	[74]
miR-200c	Suppress		Potentially associated with G0/G1 arrest and increased apoptotic rate
miR-21, miR-221	Oncogenic	PTEN, RECK, CDKN1B	Arrest cell cycle, induce apoptosis, and sensitize the effects of gemcitabine with inhibition of miR-21 or -221	[75]
miR-22	Suppress	SP1, ESR1	Potentially inhibit tumorigenesis	[76]
miR-34	Suppress	BCL2, NOTCH1/2	Inhibit clonogenic cell growth and invasion, induce apoptosis and G1 and G2/M arrest in cell cycle, sensitize to chemotherapy and radiation, and potentially inhibit pancreatic cancer stem cells	[77]
miR-107	Suppress	CDK6	Induce in vitro cell growth downregulation	[78]
miR-155	Oncogenic	TP53INP1	Inhibit apoptosis	[79]
miR-194, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-429	Oncogenic	EP300	Potentially promote metastatic behavior	[80]
miR-224, miR-486	Oncogenic	CD40	Potentially associated with invasion and metastasis	[81]

BCL2: B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; CD40: CD40 molecule; CDK6: Cyclin-dependent kinase 6; CDKN1B: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; EP300: E1A binding protein p300; ESR1: Estrogen receptor 1; HOXB1, 3: Homeobox B1, 3; KRAS: v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; NOTCH1/2: Notch 1/2; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; RECK: Reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs; SP1: Sp1 transcription factor; TP53INP1: Tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1; EMT: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.