Proteome-based biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

Table 1 A selection of potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer

Potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer	Expression	Proteomic tools	Ref.
Tissue
14-3-3 sigma	+	2-D SDS PAGE, MS	[13]
Annexin A4	+	2-D SDS PAGE, MS	[13]
Anterior gradient 2	+	2-D SDS PAGE, MS	[13]
AOX1	-	PowerBlot	[14]
ATP7A	+	PowerBlot	[14]
Biglycan	+	SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS	[22]
Galectin-1	+	2-D SDS PAGE, MS	[9]
Galectin-3	+	MALDI-TOF-MS	[7]
Gelsolin	-	Proteomic chip	[23]
Major vault protein	+	2-D SDS PAGE, MS	[13]
Pigment epithelium-derived factor	+	SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS	[22]
Plectin-1	+	Western blotting	[16]
S100A6	+	2-D SDS PAGE, MS	[11]
S100A8 (stroma)	+	2DE, LC-MS/MS	[12]
S100A9 (stroma)	+	2DE, MALDI-TOF-MS	[12]
S100A10	+	2-D SDS PAGE, MS	[13]
S100A11	+	MALDI-TOF-MS	[7]
Thrombospondin-2	+	SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS	[22]
βIGH3	+	SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS	[22]
UHRF1	+	PowerBlot	[14]
Serum/plasma
α-1B-glycoprotein precursor	+	DIGE, MS/MS	[38]
Anterior gradient 2	+	iTRAQ, MS/MS	[18]
Apolipoprotein A-II	-	SELDI-TOF, MS	[24]
Apolipoprotein C-I	+	SELDI-TOF, MS	[24]
Caldecrin	-	ICAT, MS	[43]
CXCL 7	-	LC-MS	[29]
DJ-1	+	DIGE, MS/MS	[38]
Fibrinogen β chain		ICAT, MS	[43]
HSP27	+	Protein-chip technology	[33]
Pancreatic juice
Lithostathine I α	-	2DE, MALDI-TOF-MS	[40]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9	+	DIGE, MS/MS	[38]
Neural cell adhesion molecule L1	+	ICAT, MS	[43]
p-Akt	+	Bio-Plex suspension array	[32]
p-ERK1/2	+	Bio-Plex suspension array	[32]
Phosphor-cAMP response element binding protein	+	Bio-Plex suspension array	[32]
Phosphor-p90 ribosomal S6 kinase	+	Bio-Plex suspension array	[32]
p-IκB-α	+	Bio-Plex suspension array	[32]
Plasminogen	+	ICAT, MS	[43]
Platelet factor 4	-	MALDI-TOF	[31]
p-MEK1	+	Bio-Plex suspension array	[32]
Transthyretin	+	2DE, MALDI-TOF-MS	[45]
Urine
Annexin A2	-	2-D SDS PAGE	[46]
CD59	-	2-D SDS PAGE	[46]
Gelsolin	-	2-D SDS PAGE	[46]
Cell lines
Apoprotein E	+	SILAC	[48]
Cadherin	Not in metastatic tumor cell	LC-MS/MS	[52]
Catenin	Not in metastatic tumor cell	LC-MS/MS	[52]
CD9	+	SILAC	[48]
Fibronectin receptor	+	SILAC	[48]
Galectin	Not in primary tumor cell	LC-MS/MS	[52]
Glucagon	+	Protein array	[53]
Integrin	Not in metastatic tumor cell	LC-MS/MS	[52]
Perlecan	+	LC-MS/MS	[48]
Prolactin	-	Protein array	[53]

SILAC: Stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture; DIGE: Difference gel electrophoresis; MS: Mass spectrometry; iTRAQ: Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification; ICAT: Isotope-coded affinity tag; βIGH3: Ig-h3 precursor; A1BG: α-1B-glycoprotein precursor; +: Up-regulated; –: Down-regulated expression in pancreatic cancer as compared with controls.