Metabolic syndrome, lifestyle risk factors, and distal colon adenoma: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Age- and gender-specific prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study population n (%)

Age group(yr)	Males							Females
	n	MS criteria						n	MS criteria
		BMI≥25	FBS≥110	HBP	TG≥150	HDL< 40	MS≥3		BMI≥25	FBS≥110	HBP	TG≥150	HDL< 50	MS≥3
20-29	4	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (25)	0 (0)	1 (25)	0 (0)	2	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (100)	0 (0)
30-39	81	29 (36)	8 (10)	14 (17)	29 (36)	22 (27)	18 (22)	26	4 (15)	0 (0)	2 (8)	2 (8)	12 (46)	0 (0)
40-49	451	154 (34)	68 (15)	137 (30)	131 (29)	120 (27)	76 (17)	191	34 (18)	15 (8)	40 (21)	20 (10)	91 (48)	18 (9)
50-59	466	164 (35)	91 (20)	195 (42)	123 (26)	101 (22)	80 (17)	200	52 (26)	28 (14)	61 (31)	28 (14)	104 (52)	34 (17)
≥ 60	87	21 (24)	21 (24)	46 (53)	28 (32)	14 (16)	20 (23)	54	20 (37)	10 (19)	26 (48)	14 (26)	30 (56)	16 (30)
Sub-total	1089	368 (34)	188 (17)	393 (36)	311 (29)	258 (24)	194 (18)	473	110 (23)	53 (11)	129 (27)	64 (14)	239 (51)	68 (14)

BMI: Body mass index (kg/m²); FBS: Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL); HBP: High blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg); TG: Triglyceride (mg/dL); HDL: High density lipoprotein (mg/dL); MS: Metabolic syndrome.

Table 2 Hazard ratios for distal colon adenomas according to the number of metabolic syndrome components

Number of MS diagnostic criteria present	Cases	Person years	Age-, sex-adjusted hazard ratio	95% CI		Multivariate hazard ratio1	95% CI
0	434	1446	1.00			1.00
1	504	1697	1.18	0.83	1.67	1.76	0.94	3.29
2	361	1272	1.02	0.70	1.50	1.69	0.86	3.29
3	182	610	1.36	0.88	2.10	1.48	0.66	3.36
4	64	224	1.35	0.73	2.47	2.14	0.81	5.63
5	17	62	1.52	0.54	4.28	2.92	0.62	13.73

¹Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, exercise status. CI: Confidence Interval; MS: Metabolic syndrome.

Table 3 Hazard ratios for distal colon adenomas according to individual components of metabolic syndrome and lifestyle factors

Characteristics	Cases	Person years	Age-, sex-adjustedhazard ratio	95% CI		Multivariate hazard ratio2	95% Cl
DBP
< 85	1237	4106	1.00			1.00
≥ 85	325	1206	0.75	0.54	1.04	0.68	0.35	1.29
SBP
< 130	1085	3648	1.00			1.00
≥ 130	477	1664	0.97	0.73	1.29	1.50	0.82	2.73
BMI
< 25	1084	3688	1.00			1.00
≥ 25	478	1623	1.39	1.07	1.82	1.66	1.05	2.62
HDL
≥ 40 (≥ 501)	1065	3641	1.00			1.00
< 40 (< 501)	497	1671	1.19	0.88	1.60	1.04	0.57	1.88
TG
< 150	1187	4025	1.00			1.00
≥ 150	375	1287	0.96	0.72	1.29	0.76	0.45	1.27
FBS6
< 110	1321	4457	1.00			1.00
≥ 110	241	855	1.13	0.82	1.58	1.32	0.77	2.27
Smoking
Never smoked	606	2048	1.0			1.00
Ex-smoker	218	769	0.86	0.57	1.29	1.34	0.70	2.54
Current smoker	262	1072	0.81	0.56	1.17	1.39	0.79	2.44
Drinking
No drinking	396	1307	1.00			1.00
Current drinking	772	2695	1.59	1.02	2.47	1.82	0.92	3.60
Exercise
Never	409	1587	1.00			1.00
Irregular	398	1549	1.09	0.73	1.62	0.96	0.58	1.58
Regular (≥ 1 time/wk)	273	1077	1.22	0.78	1.90	0.88	0.49	1.60

¹Female;

²Adjusted for sex, age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; HDL: High density lipoprotein; TG: Triglyceride; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; HDL: High density lipoprotein; CI: Confidence interval.