MicroRNAs as a potential prognostic factor in gastric cancer

Table 1 Epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics n (%)

	P value1	Badprognosis (n = 14)	Goodprognosis(n = 31)	Allpatients(n = 45)
Age (yr)	0.36	74	75.5	75
Median (range)		57-86	47-88	47-88
Sex	0.31
Male		11 (79)	18 (58)	29 (64)
Female		3 (21)	13 (42)	16 (36)
Ethnicity	0.46
Ashkenazi		12 (86)	22 (71)	34 (76)
Sephardic		2 (14)	9 (29)	11 (24)
Surgery type	0.02a
Partial gastrectomy		3 (21)	18 (58)	21(47)
Subtotal gastrectomy		2 (14)	4 (13)	6 (13)
Total gastrectomy		4 (29)	4 (13)	8 (18)
Esophagogastrectomy		5 (36)	5 (16)	10 (22)
Tumor location	0.14
Proximal		7 (50)	12 (39)	19 (42)
Distal		3 (21)	17 (55)	20 (44)
Diffuse		4 (29)	2 (6)	6 (13)
T stage	0.001b
T1		0 (0)	6 (23)	6 (13)
T2		1 (7)	12 (37)	13 (29)
T3		12 (86)	13 (40)	25 (56)
T4		1 (7)	0 (0)	1 (2)
N Stage	0.014c
N0		5 (36)	23 (74)	28 (62)
N1		6 (43)	7 (23)	13 (29)
N2		3 (21)	1 (3)	4 (9)
TNM Stage	0.036
I		1 (8)	14 (45)	15 (34)
II		4 (31)	11 (35)	15 (34)
III		8 (62)	6 (19)	14 (32)
Grad	0.6
I		0 (0)	4 (13)	4 (9)
II		6 (43)	15 (48)	21 (47)
III		8 (57)	12 (39)	20 (44)
Examined lymph nodes	0.89
≤ 10		6 (43)	13 (42)	19 (42)
> 10		7 (57)	18 (58)	26 (58)
Mucin secretion	1
Yes		2 (14)	4 (13)	6 (13)
No		12 (86)	27 (87)	39 (87)
Signet	0.900
Yes		2 (14)	4 (13)	6 (13)
No		12 (86)	27 (87)	39 (87)
Vascular invasion	0.085
Yes		5 (36)	3 (10)	8 (18)
No		9 (64)	28 (90)	37 (82)
Perineural invasion	0.64
Yes		2 (14)	3 (10)	5 (11)
No		12 (86)	28 (90)	40 (89)
Site of recurrence2	1.4 × 10-5
Locoregional		3 (21)	0 (0)	3 (6)
Distant		7 (50)	1 (3)	8 (18)
Combined		4 (29)	3 (10)	7 (16)

¹Comparison between patients with recurrence of gastric cancer within three years from surgery (bad prognosis) and patients without a recurrence (good prognosis), χ² test.

²Four patients had a recurrence more than three years from surgery and were therefore included in the good-prognosis group.

^aP < 0.05, partial gastrectomy vs others;

^bP < 0.05, stages T1 + T2 vs T3 + T4;

^cP < 0.05, nodes N1 or N2 vs N0. TNM: Tumor, Node Status, Metastasis; N0: No node.

Table 2 Differential expression of microRNAs by prognostic groups

miR	P value	Fold change	Median value
			Good prognosis	Bad prognosis
miR-451	0.0002 (0.0046)	2.66 (3.14)	260 (18.9)	690 (20.6)
miR-195	0.0046 (0.017)	2.17 (3.29)	270 (17.6)	580 (19.4)
miR-199a-3p	0.0027 (0.045)	2.15 (1.97)	1100 (20.1)	2300 (21.1)

Comparison between patients with recurrence of gastric cancer within three years from surgery (bad prognosis) and patients without a recurrence (good prognosis). P values were calculated by a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Only miRs that passed the false discovery rate = 0.1 threshold (P < 0.0235) and had a fold-change greater than 2 (in the microarray data) are listed. Values in parenthesis show the same statistics for the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction verification set. Cycle threshold (C_T) values are the inverses of the log signals; therefore, median values are given in 50-C_T to maintain the same sense as the array data.