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World J Gastroenterol. Aug 7, 2011; 17(29): 3441-3447
Published online Aug 7, 2011. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i29.3441
Published online Aug 7, 2011. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i29.3441
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of treatment groups (mean ± SD) n (%)
| Pantoprazole group(n = 52) | Somatostatin group(n = 49) | Total cohort(n = 101) | P value | |
| Sex (male) | 19 (36.5) | 13 (26.5) | 32 (31.7) | 0.280 |
| Age (yr) | 65.44 ± 19.46 | 64.24 ± 14.13 | 64.86 ± 17.01 | 0.735 |
| Hemodynamic shock | 26 (50.0) | 27 (55.1) | 53 (52.5) | 0.608 |
| Helicobacter pylori infection | 14 (26.9) | 8 (16.3) | 22 (21.8) | 0.197 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 8.56 ± 2.84 | 8.26 ± 2.61 | 8.41 ± 2.72 | 0.857 |
| Hemoglobin < 7 g/dL | 17 (32.7) | 16 (32.7) | 33 (32.7) | 0.997 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 40.20 ± 27.06 | 39.47 ± 26.83 | 39.84 ± 26.82 | 0.920 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.17 ± 0.80 | 1.29 ± 1.33 | 1.23 ± 1.09 | 0.187 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.12 ± 0.54 | 2.79 ± 0.59 | 2.96 ± 0.59 | 0.173 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 12 (23.1) | 16 (32.7) | 28 (27.7) | 0.283 |
| Hypertension | 22 (43.3) | 19 (38.8) | 41 (40.6) | 0.718 |
| Heart failure | 7 (13.5) | 4 (8.2) | 11 (10.9) | 0.393 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 15 (28.8) | 11 (22.4) | 26 (25.7) | 0.462 |
| Antiplatelet medication | 24 (46.2) | 20 (40.8) | 44 (43.6) | 0.589 |
| NSAID | 6 (11.5) | 3 (6.1) | 9 (8.9) | 0.340 |
| Multiple antiplatelet medications | 5 (9.6) | 2 (4.1) | 7 (6.9) | 0.274 |
| Steroids | 2 (3.8) | 4 (8.2) | 6 (5.9) | 0.359 |
| Melena | 31 (59.6) | 28 (57.1) | 59 (58.4) | 0.801 |
| Hematemesis | 28 (53.8) | 32 (65.3) | 60 (59.4) | 0.241 |
| Hematochezia | 2 (3.8) | 5 (10.2) | 7 (6.9) | 0.209 |
| Complete Rockall score | 6.84 ± 1.47 | 6.87 ± 1.31 | 6.86 ± 1.39 | 0.911 |
| Rockall score > 6 | 26 (50.0) | 29 (59.2) | 55 (54.5) | 0.354 |
| Early rebleeding | 6 (12.2) | 7 (14.3) | 13 (13.3) | 0.766 |
Table 2 Endoscopic findings between treatment groups n (%)
| Pantoprazole group(n = 52) | Somatostatin group(n = 49) | Total cohort(n = 101) | P value | |
| Cause of bleeding | 0.177 | |||
| Gastric ulcer | 27 (51.9) | 29 (59.2) | 56 (55.4) | |
| Duodenal ulcer | 11 (21.2) | 8 (16.3) | 19 (18.8) | |
| Dieulafoy lesion | 13 (25.0) | 7 (14.3) | 20 (19.8) | |
| Mallory–Weiss syndrome | 1 (1.9) | 5 (10.2) | 6 (5.9) | |
| Forrest type | 0.894 | |||
| Ia | 3 (5.8) | 4 (8.2) | 7 (6.9) | |
| Ib | 24 (46.2) | 22 (44.9) | 46 (45.5) | |
| IIa | 25 (48.1) | 23 (46.9) | 48 (47.5) | |
| Loss of stigma | 49 (94.2) | 47 (95.9) | 96 (95.0) | 0.696 |
Table 3 Rebleeding according to endoscopic findings n (%)
| No rebleeding(n = 88) | Rebleeding(n = 13) | Total(n = 101) | P value | |
| Forrest type | 0.990 | |||
| Ia | 6 (6.8) | 1 (7.7) | 7 (6.9) | |
| Ib | 40 (45.5) | 6 (46.2) | 46 (45.5) | |
| IIa | 42 (47.7) | 6 (46.2) | 48 (47.5) | |
| Loss of stigma | 84 (95.5) | 12 (92.3) | 96 (95.0) | 0.625 |
Table 4 Clinical characteristics according to occurrence of early rebleeding event (mean ± SD) n (%)
| No rebleeding(n = 88) | Rebleeding(n = 13) | Total(n = 101) | P value | |
| Sex (male) | 27 (30.7) | 5 (38.5) | 32 (31.7) | 0.574 |
| Age (yr) | 64.25 ± 17.40 | 69.0 ± 13.97 | 64.86 ± 17.01 | 0.350 |
| Hemodynamic shock | 46 (52.3) | 7 (53.8) | 53 (52.5) | 0.916 |
| Helicobacter infection | 19 (21.6) | 3 (23.1) | 22 (21.8) | 0.904 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 8.61 ± 2.77 | 7.09 ± 2.02 | 8.41 ± 2.72 | 0.060 |
| Hemoglobin < 7 g/dL | 26 (29.5) | 7 (53.8) | 33 (32.7) | 0.081 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 39.81 ± 25.92 | 40.09 ± 33.50 | 39.84 ± 26.82 | 0.972 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.26 ± 1.12 | 1.03 ± 0.83 | 1.23 ± 1.09 | 0.473 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.97 ± 0.60 | 2.86 ± 0.47 | 2.96 ± 0.59 | 0.532 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 21 (23.9) | 3 (23.1) | 24 (23.8) | 0.950 |
| Hypertension | 38 (43.2) | 3 (23.1) | 41 (40.6) | 0.168 |
| Heart failure | 9 (10.2) | 2 (15.4) | 11 (10.9) | 0.577 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 17 (19.3) | 1 (7.7) | 18 (17.8) | 0.454 |
| Antiplatelet medication | 37 (42.0) | 7 (53.8) | 44 (43.6) | 0.423 |
| NSAID | 7 (8.0) | 2 (15.4) | 9 (8.9) | 0.380 |
| Multiple antiplatelet medications | 5 (5.7) | 2 (15.4) | 7 (6.9) | 0.221 |
| Steroid | 5 (5.7) | 1 (7.7) | 6 (5.9) | 0.572 |
| Melena | 50 (56.8) | 9 (69.2) | 59 (58.4) | 0.397 |
| Hematemesis | 51 (58.0) | 4 (30.8) | 55 (54.5) | 0.066 |
| Hematochezia | 5 (5.7) | 2 (15.4) | 7 (6.9) | 0.199 |
| Complete Rockall score | 6.73 ± 1.40 | 7.69 ± 1.03 | 6.86 ± 1.39 | 0.020 |
| Rockall score > 6 | 43 (48.9) | 12 (92.3) | 55 (54.5) | 0.003 |
| Somatostatin use | 41 (46.6) | 8 (61.5) | 49 (48.5) | 0.314 |
Table 5 Predictors of early rebleeding on multivariate analysis
| P value | Exp (B) | 95% CI | |
| Adjunct somatostatin use | 0.374 | 0.527 | 0.128-2.164 |
| Hypertension | 0.175 | 2.864 | 0.627-13.086 |
| Multiple antiplatelet medication | 0.421 | 2.351 | 0.239-18.879 |
| Hemoglobin < 7 g/dL | 0.402 | 1.768 | 0.466-6.704 |
| Hematemesis | 0.072 | 3.672 | 0.889-15.179 |
| Hematochezia | 0.614 | 0.593 | 0.078-4.517 |
| Complete Rockall score > 6 | 0.044 | 9.080 | 1.062-77.595 |
- Citation: Choi CW, Kang DH, Kim HW, Park SB, Park KT, Kim GH, Song GA, Cho M. Somatostatin adjunctive therapy for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal rebleeding after endoscopic therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17(29): 3441-3447
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v17/i29/3441.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i29.3441