Pathologic pancreatic endocrine cell hyperplasia

Table 1 Summary of 9 cases of α cell hyperplasia

Study	Toda et al[49]	Brown et al[50]	Martignoni et al[51]	Chen et al[52]	Yu et al[53]	Henopp et al[54]
Location	Japan	USA	Germany	Taiwan	USA	Germany
Ethnicity	Japanese	ND	ND	Chinese	Persian	ND
Age (yr)	74	48	54	45	60	25-44
Sex	F	M	M	M	F	2F/2M
Clinical	Diabetes	Diabetes	Mild diabetes	Mild diabetes	Nonspecific	Various
Glucagon (pg/mL) Pre-op	ND	4200	Elevated	ND	59 284	4-25-fold
Glucagon (pg/mL) Post-op	ND	5700	ND	ND	Elevated	ND
Imaging	Negative	Mass in body	Negative	Diffusely enlarged	Mass on uncinate	ND
Octreotide scan	ND	ND	Negative	ND	Negative	ND
Pathology	Numerous micro-glucagonoma	Glucagonoma, α cell hyperplasia	Glucagonoma, α cell hyperplasia	α cell hyperplasia	NF-PNET, α cell hyperplasia	α cell hyperplasia

ND: Not described; NF-PNET: Non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.

Table 2 Summary of 8 cases of pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia

Study	Tomita et al[60]	Farley et al[61]	Martella et al[62]	Pasieka et al[63]	Albazaz et al[64]	Bunning et al[65]
Location	USA	USA	Italy	Canada	UK	USA
Ethnicity	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Age (yr)	70	66	50-70	37	76	71
Sex	F	M	3F	F	M	M
Clinical	Diarrhea	Diarrhea	ZES	Diarrhea	Bowel obstruction	Nausea ZES
PP (pg/mL) Pre-op	ND	Highly elevated	About 3 fold	ND	ND	ND
PP (pg/mL) Post-op	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Imaging	Mass in pancreas head	Mass in pancreas head	Nonspecific	Normal	Mass in pancreas head	Normal
Octreotide scan	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	Uptake in pancreas head
Pathology	PP cell hyperplasia	PP cell hyperplasia	PP cell hyperplasia	PP cell hyperplasia	PP cell hyperplasia	PP cell hyperplasia

ND: Not described; ZES: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; PP: Pancreatic polypeptide.