Surgicopathological classification of hepatic space-occupying lesions: A single-center experience with literature review

Table 1 Histological classification of tumor-like primary hepatic space-occupying lesions

Hepatocellular lesions

Focal nodular hyperplasia[2]

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia[2]

Partial nodular transformation[3]

Adenomatoid hyperplasia (dysplastic nodules)[2]

Compensatory lobar or segmental hyperplasia[4]

Focal fatty change[2]

Accessory lobe[5]

Bile duct lesions

Biliary microhamartoma (Von Meyenburg complex)[2]

Cyst and polycystic liver[6]

Ciliated foregut cyst[7]

Epidermoid cyst[8]

Endometrial cyst[9]

Intrahepatic peribiliary gland cyst[2]

Mesothelial cyst[10]

Cystic echinococcosis[11]

Biloma[12]

Miscellaneous lesions

Mesenchymal hamartoma[2]

Inflammatory pseudotumor[2]

Pseudolymphoma[13]

Solitary necrotic nodule[14]

Peliosis hepatis[15]

Hereditary hemmorrhagic telangiectasia[16]

Sarcoidosis[17]

Nodular extramedullary hematopoiesis[18]

Abscess[19]

Tuberculoma[20]

Botryomycosis[21]

Malacoplakia[22]

Ectopic tissue[23] and adrenal rest tumor[24]

Pseudolipoma[2]

Granulomas[25]

Table 2 Histological classification of benign primary hepatic space-occupying lesions

Hepatocellular tumors

Hepatocellular adenoma[2] and hepatic adenomatosis[33]

Intrahepatic bile duct tumors

Bile duct cystadenoma[2]

Intraductal papillary neoplasm[34] and intraductal papillomatosis[2]

Bile duct adenoma[2]

Biliary adenofibroma[35]

Vascular and lymphoid tumors

Cavernous hemangioma[2]

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor[36]

Hemangioblastoma[37]

Infantile hemangioendothelioma[2]

Lymphangioma and lymphangiomatosis[2]

Muscle, fibrous and adipose tumors

Angiomyolipoma[2]

Leiomyoma[38]

Solitary fibrous tumor[2]

Lipoma[39]

Myelolipoma[40]

Neuronal and neuroendocrine tumors

Neurilemmoma[41]

Plexiform neurofibroma[42] and plexiform neurofibromatosis[43]

Paraganglioma[44]

Pheochromocytoma[45]

Gastrinoma[46]

Vascoactive intestinal peptide tumor[47]

Somatostatinoma[48]

Miscellaneous tumors

Teratoma[49]

Mesothelioma[50]

Endometrioma[51]

Chondroma[52]

Myxoma[53]

Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis[54]

Desmoplastic nested spindle cell tumor[55]

Spongiotic pericytoma[56]

Table 3 Histological classification of malignant primary hepatic space-occupying lesions

Hepatocellular tumors

Hepatocellular carcinoma[2]

Hepatoblastoma[2]

Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma[2]

Intrahepatic bile duct tumors

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma[2]

Cholangiolocellular carcinoma[62]

Bile duct cystadenocarcinoma[2]

Biliary rhabdomyosarcoma[63]

Solid-pseudopapilary tumor[64]

Vascular, lymphoid and haemopoietic tumors

Angiosarcoma[2]

Malignant angiomyolipoma[60]/malignant perivascular epithelioid

cell tumor[61]

Malignant hemangiopericytoma[65]

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma[2]

Kaposi’s sarcoma[2]

Lymphoma[2]

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor[66]

Extramedullary plasmacytoma[67]

Muscle, fibrous and adipose tumors

Leiomyosarcoma[68]

Rhabdomyosarcoma[69]

Fibrosarcoma[70]

Malignant fibrous histocytoma[71]

Liposarcoma[72]

Neuronal and neuroendocrine tumors

Carcinoid tumor[73]

Malignant neurilemmoma[74]

Miscellaneous tumors

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma[75]

Undifferentiated carcinoma[76]

Carcinosarcoma[2]

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma[77]

Squamous cell carcinoma[78]

Germ cell tumor[79]

Chorioepithelioma[80]

Yolk sac tumor[81]

Immature teratoma[82]

Malignant rhabdoid tumor[83]

Malignant mesothelioma[84]

Synovial sarcoma[85]

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma[86]

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor[87]

Osteosarcoma[88]

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor[89]

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor[90]

Nested stromal-epithelial tumor[91]/ossifying stromal epithelial tumor[92]