Temporary self-expanding metallic stents for achalasia: A prospective study with a long-term follow-up

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 90 patients treated with a temporary self-expanding metallic stent with a diameter of 20, 25, or 30 mm (mean ± SD) n (%)

	Group A (n = 30)	Group B (n = 30)	Group C (n = 30)	P value
Age (yr)	43.37 ± 15.84	36.23 ± 10.58	37.30 ± 13.13	> 0.05
Gender (M/F)	16/14	17/13	18/12	> 0.05
Duration of symptoms	6.01 ± 3.69	4.74 ± 2.76	5.33 ± 3.65	> 0.05
Symptoms
Chest pain	23 (77)	21 (70)	18 (60)	> 0.05
Regurgitation	15 (50)	12 (40)	15 (50)	> 0.05
Heartburn	7 (23)	9 (30)	10 (33)	> 0.05
Weight loss	3.80 ± 2.90	2.96 ± 2.76	3.57 ± 3.36	> 0.05
Dysphagia score	2.93 ± 0.45	2.87 ± 0.43	2.83 ± 0.53	> 0.05
Lesion diameter (mm)	5.33 ± 2.14	5.97 ± 1.90	6.0 ± 2.38	> 0.05
Lesion length (mm)	16.93 ± 6.50	19.73 ± 5.98	18.57 ± 6.52	> 0.05

Table 2 Technical and clinical outcome among the three groups (mean ± SD) n (%)

	Group A (n = 30)	Group B (n = 30)	Group C (n = 30)	P value
Early outcome
Technique success	100%	100%	100%	1.0
Complications
Stent migration	8 (27)	4 (13)	2 (7)a (P = 0.039)	0.096
Chest pain	5 (17)	10 (33)	12 (40)a (P = 0.047)	0.130
Reflux	7 (23)	5 (17)	6 (20)	0.814
Bleeding	3 (10)	5 (23)	6 (20)	0.557
Perforation	0	0	0	1.0
Food impaction	2 (7)	0	0	0.132
30-d mortality	0	0	0	1.0
Late outcome
Primary patency (yr)	5.45 ± 0.41	6.67 ± 0.56c (P = 0.023)	7.15 ± 0.50a (P = 0.003)	0.006
Cumulative treatment failures	16 (53)	8 (27)c (P = 0.037)	4 (13)a (P = 0.001)	0.003
Follow-up (yr)	7.13 ± 2.61	7.24 ± 2.95	7.30 ± 2.46	0.997

^aP < 0.05, Group C vs Group A;

^cP < 0.05, Group B vs Group A.