Role of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms association with hepatitis risk in Northeast India

Table 1 Demographical, biochemical and serological profiles of liver disease patients

Parameter	HAV	HBV	HCV	HEV	HAV+HBV	Alcoholic	Cryptogenic
n	38	22	4	10	2	12	16
Male:female	22:16	16:6	2:2	6:4	2:0	11:1	12:4
Mean age (yr)	23 ± 16	40 ± 28	45 ± 8	38 ± 15	55	44 ± 5	43 ± 21
Mean SGOT	241 ± 168	333 ± 108	86 ± 46	778 ± 336	40 ± 5	323 ± 212	109 ± 66
Mean SGPT	265 ± 198	243 ± 148	73 ± 28	513 ± 366	39 ± 8	283 ± 155	85 ± 43

HAV: Hepatitis A virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HEV: Hepatitis E virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; SGOT: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT: Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase.

Table 2 Distribution of Cytochrome P450 2E1 genotype in hepatitis cases compared to controls

	Number of individuals (% of group)			Less common allele frequency	χ2value (P value)	OR (95% CI)
	Homozygous-more common allele	Heterozygous	Homozygous-less common allele
RsaI polymorphism	c1/c1	c1/c2	c2/c2
Controls (n = 124)	122 (98.39)	2 (1.61)	0	1.61	ref.
Hepatitis (n = 104)	94 (90.39)	10 (9.71)	0	9.61	0.007	6.489 (1.389-30.326)
DraI polymorphism	DD	DC	CC
Controls (n = 124)	122 (98.39)	2 (1.61)	0	1.61	ref.
Hepatitis (n = 104)	96 (92.31)	4 (3.84)	4 (3.84)	7.69	0.026	5.083 (1.055-24.492)

ata represented as number of subjects showing respective genotype (%); P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant, control group was considered as reference group.

Table 3 Detail distribution of Cytochrome P450 2E1 genotypes in different underlying etiology of hepatitis

	Number of individuals (% of group)			Less common allelefrequency	χ2value (P value)	OR (95% CI)
	Homozygous-more common allele	Heterozygous	Homozygous-less common allele
RsaI polymorphism	c1/c1	c1/c2	c2/c2
Controls (n = 124)	122 (98.4)	2 (1.6)	0	1.6	ref.
HAV (n = 38)	36 (94.7)	2 (5.3)	0	5.3	0.160	5.229 (0.840-32.537)
HBV (n = 22)	20 (90.9)	2 (9.1)	0	9.1	0.080	2.905 (0.252-33.484)
HCV (n = 4)	4 (100)	0 (0)	0	0	0.798	0.968 (0.938-1.0)
HEV (n = 10)	10 (100)	0 (0)	0	0	0.686	0.924 (0.880-0.971)
HAV + HBV (n = 2)	2 (100)	0 (0)	0	0	0.856	0.984 (0.962-1.006)
Alcoholic (n = 12)	8 (66.66)	4 (33.33)	0	33.33	< 0.0001	30.500 (4.835-192.418)
Cryptogenic (n = 16)	14 (87.5)	2 (12.5)	0	12.5	0.014	8.714 (1.137-66.784)
DraI polymorphism	DD	DC	CC
Controls (n = 124)	122 (98.4)	2 (1.6)	0	1.6	ref.
HAV (n = 38)	34 (89.5)	2 (5.25)	2 (5.25)	10.5	0.006	7.176 (1.260-40.863)
HBV (n = 22)	22 (100)	0	0	0	0.514	0.847 (0.790-0.908)
HCV (n = 4)	4 (100)	0	0	0	0.798	0.968 (0.938-1.0)
HEV (n = 10)	10 (100)	0	0	0	0.164	0.924 (0.880-0.971)
HAV + HBV (n = 2)	2 (100)	0	0	0	0.856	0.984 (0.962-1.006)
Alcoholic (n = 12)	10 (83.3)	2 (16.7)	0	16.7	0.003	12.220 (1.550-96.035)
Cryptogenic (n = 16)	14 (87.5)	0	2 (12.5)	12.5	0.014	8.714 (1.137-66.784)

Data represented as number of subjects showing respective genotype (%); P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant, control group was considered as reference group. HAV: Hepatitis A virus; HEV: Hepatitis E virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 4 Nitrite estimation in food products routinely consumed in Northeast India

Sl. No.	Name of foodstuff	Amount of nitrite present (μg/mL)
1	Raw bamboo shoot	0.043
2	Fermented bamboo shoot	0.379
3	Raw fish (Puntius sarana)	0.900
4	Fermented fish	0.855
5	Dried fish	0.915
6	Raw radish leaf	0.050
7	Gundruk (fermented radish leaf)	2.150
8	Mustard seeds	10.500
9	Kharoli (fermented mustard)	10.800
10	Pork	0.650
11	Fermented pork	0.950
12	Beetle nut (wet, Tamul)	0.362
13	Beetle nut (dry, Supari)	0.612
14	Tea	0.300
15	Betel leaf (Pan)	2.400