Cerebral lipiodol embolism following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Analysis of 13 cases of CLE following TACE (n = 12)[1-3,5-8,11,13,19]

	n
Sex
Male	8
Female	4
Age (yr)
≥ 50	10
< 50	2
Course of TACE
First	3
Second	6
Third	2
More than third	1
Doses of lipiodol (mL)
≥ 20	6
< 20	3
ND	3
Gelatin sponge particles
Yes	5
No	7
Embolization through extra-hepatic collateral artery
Yes	6
No	4
ND	2
Tumor site including right lobe
Yes	8
No	0
ND	4
Size of tumor/invasion of diaphragm
Large/multiple	9
Minor	1
ND	2
Vascular invasion
Yes	3
No	2
ND	7
Arteriovenous fistula
Yes	2
No	5
ND	5
Right-to-left shunt
Yes	0
No	6
ND	6
Pulmonary embolism
Yes	10
No	1
ND	1
Time of neurologic symptoms
During or shortly after TACE	11
69 h after TACE	1
Recovery time (All ≤ 6 wk)
≥ 4 wk	3
< 4 wk	5
ND	1
Death	3

CLE: Cerebral lipiodol embolism; TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; ND: Not described.