Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: Multivariate analysis of correlated factors

Table 1 Clinical features of the study population n (%)

Clinical features	Patient (n = 112)
Age (mean ± SD) (yr)	59.67 ± 14.18
Sex
Male	61 (54.5)
Female	51 (45.5)
BMI, mean (SD) (kg/m2)	23.26 (4.27)
DM status
DM	27 (24.1)
Non-DM	85 (75.9)
Disease leading to chronic renal failure
Chronic glomerulonephritis	40 (35.7)
Primary hypertension	31 (27.7)
Diabetes mellitus	22 (19.6)
Polycystic kidney disease	7 (6.2)
Gout	3 (2.7)
Primary hypertension combined with gout	3 (2.7)
Obstructive nephropathy	2 (1.8)
Chronic interstitial nephritis	1 (0.9)
Nephrotic syndrome	1 (0.9)
Ischemic renal disease	1 (0.9)
Microscopic Polyarteritis	1 (0.9)
Steroid history
Yes	8 (7.1)
No	104 (92.9)
Daily dosage of pills, median (interquartile ranges)1	12.00 (6.00-21.25)
Predialytic GI symptoms
Yes	14 (12.5)
No	98 (87.5)
PD Duration, median (interquartile ranges) (mo)2	15.00 (8.00-33.00)
Type of PD
CAPD	60 (53.6)
IPD	50 (44.6)
Daily peritoneal dialysate volume (mean ± SD) (L)3	7.83 ± 1.28
Albumin (mean ± SD) (g/L)4	33.96 ± 4.77
Hemoglobin (mean ± SD) (g/L)5	101.24 ± 20.06
Residual renal Kt/V, median (interquartile ranges)6	0.39 (0.00-0.82)
Peritoneal Kt/V (mean ± SD)6	1.51 ± 0.39
Total Kt/V (mean ± SD)6	2.00 ± 0.51

¹Restricted to the 106 patients (94.64% of the overall sample) for whom complete information on the daily dosage of pills was available;

²Restricted to the 109 patients (97.32% of the overall sample) for whom complete information on peritoneal dialysis duration was available;

³Restricted to the 110 patients (98.21% of the overall sample) for whom complete information on peritoneal dialysate volume was available.

⁴Restricted to the 108 patients (96.43% of the overall sample) for whom complete information on serum albumin was available;

⁵Restricted to the 110 patients (98.21% of the overall sample) for whom complete information on serum hemoglobin was available;

⁶Restricted to the 81 patients (72.32% of the overall sample) for whom complete information on residual renal Kt/V, peritoneal Kt/V, and total Kt/V was available. BMI: Body mass index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CAPD: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; IPD: Intermittent peritoneal dialysis; GI: Gastrointestinal; PD: Peritoneal dialysis.

Table 2 Multiple stepwise regression of the variables not associated with the GSRS scores¹

Variables	t	P-value
Age	1.96	0.54
DM status	1.01	0.31
BMI	-0.50	0.62
Hemoglobin	0.82	0.42
Albumin	0.68	0.50
Predialytic GI symptoms	0.49	0.62
PD type	-0.89	0.38
Duration of PD	-0.58	0.57
Daily dialysate volume	-1.15	0.26
Peritoneal Kt/V	-0.21	0.84
Total Kt/V	-0.24	0.81

¹Restricted to the 81 patients (72.32% of the overall sample) for whom complete information on age, diabetes status, weight, height, serum hemoglobin, albumin levels, presence of predialytic gastrointestinal symptom, peritoneal dialysis type, duration of peritoneal dialysis, daily dialysate volume, history of corticosteroid use, daily dosage of pills, residual renal Kt/V, peritoneal Kt/V, total Kt/V were available. Adjusted for diabetic status (yes = 1, no = 0), presence of predialytic GI symptoms (yes = 1, no = 0), PD type (CAPD = 1, IPD = 0). GSRS: Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale.

Table 3 Coefficients of multiple stepwise regression model of the variables associated with GSRS scores¹

Variables	Unstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients	t	P value
	B	SD	β
Constant	21.89	1.25	-	17.58	< 0.001
History of corticosteroids	8.93	2.13	0.39	4.20	< 0.001
Daily dosage of pills	0.16	0.06	0.26	2.80	0.007
Residual renal Kt/V	-3.47	1.30	-0.25	-2.68	0.009

¹Restricted to the 81 patients (72.32% of the overall sample) for whom complete information on age, diabetes status, weight, height, serum hemoglobin, albumin levels, presence of predialytic gastrointestinal symptoms, peritoneal dialysis type, duration of peritoneal dialysis, daily dialysate volume, history of corticosteroid use, daily dosage of pills, residual renal Kt/V, peritoneal Kt/V, total Kt/V were available. Adjusted for history of corticosteroid use (yes = 1, no = 0).