Walled-off pancreatic necrosis

Table 1 Etiology of pancreatitis

Biliary tract disease	Obstruction of the pancreatic duct at the level of the ampulla of Vater
Excessive alcohol consumption	Direct toxic effect
Hyperlipidemia	Restricted blood flow (atherosclerotic emboli, hypoperfusion, vasculitis) results in ischemic disturbance to the acinar structures and an increasingly acidic environment
Hypercalcemia	Induces pancreatic injury via a secretory block, accumulation of secretory proteins and possibly activation of proteases
Hereditary	Cationic trypsinogen mutations
Trauma	Acute release of toxic factors (resulting from inflammatory response) into the systemic circulation
Ischemia	Similar to hyperlipidemia
Pancreatic duct obstruction	Similar to biliary tract disease
Viral infections	Mumps or cytomegalovirus
Scorpion venom	Direct toxicity
Idiopathic	Develops without readily identifiable cause
Drugs	Frequently
	6-Mercaptopurine
	Azathioprine
	Corticosteroids
	Synthetic estrogens
	Furosemide
	Mesalamine
	Methyldopa
	Sulphonamides
	Tamoxifen
	Occasionally
	Asparaginase
	Chlorothiazide
	Cisplatin
	Hydrochlorothiazide
	Interferon-α
	Sulindac
	Tetracycline
	Valproic acid