Hepatic steatosis in overweight/obese females: New screening method for those at risk

Table 1 Anthropometric, clinical, laboratory and ultrasound data of the study population

Variables [females (82)]	Median (Range) mean ± SD		P-value
	IR present (52)	IR absent (30)
BMI (kg/m2)	33 (25-53.7)	32 (25.6-39.7)	0.78
Overweight (n)	7	6	0.6
Obesity 1° grade (n)	23	15	0.8
Obesity 2° (n)	12	9	0.7
Obesity 3° (n)	10	0	0.01a
HS score at US	1 (0-3)	2 (0-3)	0.005
DBP (mmHg)	90 (65-110)	80 (60-110)	0.03
SBP (mmHg)	120 (100-170)	135 (110-180)	0.0008
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	141 (25-386)	113 (41-249)	0.11
HDL (mg/dL)	48.2 ± 8.6	50.1 ± 10.1	0.36
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.3 (2.7-8.2)	4.4 (2.7-7.6)	0.6
ALT (U/L)	22 (11-117)	22 (12-53)	0.9
hs-CRP (mg/L)	2.4 (0.2-11.7)	1.6 (0.3-6.2)	0.71
SLD at US (mm)	115 (92-150)	102 (90-127)	0.0001
MS (n)	18	6	0.0001
Menopause (n)	20	11	0.9

^aFisher’s exact test. IR: Insulin resistance; BMI: Body mass index; HS: Hepatic steatosis at US; US: Ultrasonography; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; HDL: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; hs-CRP: High sensibility C-reactive protein; SLD: Spleen longitudinal diameter at US; MS: Metabolic syndrome; n: No. of subjects.

Table 2 Estimates in predicting insulin resistance

Parameter	OR	Lower	Upper	P-value
SLD	1.073	1.027	1.121	0.002
SBP	1.045	1.015	1.075	0.003
DBP	1.046	1.003	1.090	0.036
HDL	1.022	0.974	1.072	0.378
TG	1.006	0.998	1.014	0.143
UA	1.047	0.676	1.623	0.837
BMI	1.083	0.989	1.187	0.086
WC	1.029	0.991	1.069	0.131
HS	1.971	1.234	3.147	0.004

TG: Triglycerides; UA: Uric acid; WC: Waist circumference.