Potential role of chitinase 3-like-1 in inflammation-associated carcinogenic changes of epithelial cells

Table 1 Mammalian chitinases in inflammatory disorders

Location	Disorders	Chitinase type	Ref.
Airway	Bacteremia with S. pneumoniae	CHI3L1	[91,92]
	Bronchial asthma	CHI3L1, AMCase, Ym1	[14,38]
	COPD	CHI3L1	[93]
	Cystic fibrosis	AMCase, CHIT1	[94]
	Rhinosinusitis	AMCase	[95]
	Sarcoidosis	CHIT1	[96,97]
Blood	Bacterial septicemia	CHI3L1	[98]
Brain	Encephalitis	CHI3L1	[99,100]
	Meningitis	CHI3L1	[99]
Disc/Joint	Intervertebral disc degeneration	CHI3L1	[101]
	Juvenile idiopathic arthritis	CHIT1	[102]
	Osteoarthritis, RA	CHI3L1	[103,104]
Eye	Conjunctivitis	AMCase	[105,106]
GI tract	Helicobacter gastritis	CHI3L1, CHIT1	[107,108]
	Inflammatory bowel disease	CHI3L1	[10,109]
Heart	Acute myocardial infarction	CHI3L3, CHI3L1	[110,111,112]
	Coronary artery disease	CHIT	[113]
Liver	Chronic hepatitis C, LC	CHI3L1	[114,115]
	Fatty liver disease	CHIT1	[116,117]
	Hepatic fibrosis	CHI3L1	[118]
Oral cavity	Periodontitis	Chitinase	[119,120]
Systemic	Gaucher disease	CHIT1	[27]
	Systemic sclerosis	CHI3L1	[121,122]

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LC: Liver cirrhosis; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; CHI3L1: Chitinase 3-like-1; AMCase: Acidic mammalian chitinase; CHIT1: Chitotriosidase; Ym1: Chitinase-like lectin.

Table 2 Expression of CHI3L1 in solid tumors

Solid tumors	Location	Ref.
Glioma, Oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma	Brain	[74,123-132]
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck	Head and neck	[18,22,62]
Lung cancer (small cell carcinoma)	Lung	[133,134]
Breast cancer	Breast	[4,8,21,55,57,62,67,68,75,132-141]
Colorectal cancer	Colon	[20,132]
Kidney tumor	Kidney	[132,142,143]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Liver	[21,66]
Ovarian tumor, endometrial cancer	Ovary	[55-61,133,138,139]
Primary prostate cancer	Prostate	[23,63,144]
Metastatic prostate cancer
Papilloma thyroid carcinoma, thyroid tumor	Thyroid	[136,145]
Extracellular myxoid-chondrosarcoma	Bone	[146]
Multiple myeloma	Bone marrow	[147,148]
Hodgkin’s lymphoma	Lymph node	[65]
Malignant melanoma	Melanocyte	[18,64]
Myxoid liposarcoma	Fat cells	[146]

Table 3 Inflammation-associated carcinogenic change

Inflammatory disorder	Carcinogenic formation	Ref.
Human papillomavirus infection	Cervical carcinoma	[149-152]
Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis	Colorectal carcinoma	[153-159]
Chronic cholecystitis	Gall bladder carcinoma	[160-162]
Hepatitis B, C infection	Hepatocellular carcinoma	[163-167]
Asbestosis, asthma, C. pneumoniae infection, chronic obstructive lung disease, middle lobe syndrome, silicosis	Lung carcinoma	[168-174]
Pelvic inflammatory disease	Ovarian carcinoma	[175-177]
Chronic pancreatitis	Pancreatic carcinoma	[178-183]
H pylori infected gastritis	Gastric carcinoma, lymphoma	[184-186]
Chronic cystitis, schistosomiasis	Bladder carcinoma	[187-190]
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	Cholangio carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, liver carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma	[191]