Study of glue extrusion after endoscopic N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection on gastric variceal bleeding

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients

Variables at baseline	n (%)
Total number	148
Median age (yr)	50.13 ± 13.55, (14-78)
Sex ratio (M:F)	108:40
Underlying cause
Viral hepatitis B	87 (58.8)
Viral hepatitis C	7 (4.7)
Alcoholic cirrhosis	14 (9.4)
Primary biliary cirrhosis	6 (4.1)
Drug-induced liver cirrhosis	2 (1.3)
Budd-Chiari syndrome	3 (2.0)
CTPV	4 (2.7)
Wilson’s disease	1 (0.67)
Unknown etiology	24 (16.2)
Association with other diseases
Type-2 diabetes	16 (10.8)
Primary hepatic carcinoma	12 (8.1)
Hypertensive disease	9 (6.1)
Portal vein thrombogenesis	3 (2.0)
Clinical classification
Isolated GV	30 (20.3)
EGV received EVS or EVL	72 (48.6)
Residual GV after EVS or EVL	20 (13.5)
GV bleeding after disconnection	18 (12.2)
Other condition	8 (5.4)
Sarin’s category (%)
GOV-1	68 (45.9)
GOV-2	49 (33.1)
IGV-1	30 (20.3)
IGV-2	1 (0.67)
Child-Pugh class
A/B/C	42/73/33

GV: Gastric varices; EGV: Esophagogastric variceal; GOV: Gastroesophageal varices; IGV: Isolated gastric varices; CTPV: Cavernous transformation of the portal vein.

Table 2 Results of histoacryl injection

Variables	n = 148 (%)
Number of bleeding times
One time	49 (33.1)
Two times	38 (25.6)
Three times	18 (12.2)
Four times	9 (6.1)
Five times	6 (4.1)
≥ six times	17 (11.5)
Unidentified	11 (7.4)
Emergency endoscopy	25 (16.9)
Active gastric variceal bleeding	21 (14.2)
Rescue endotherapy	16 (10.8)
Number of injections	164
Volume of the first glue injection (mL)
1.0	43 (29.1)
2.0	59 (39.8)
3.0	23 (15.5)
4.0	18 (12.2)
5.0	4 (2.7)
6.0	1 (0.7)
Location of the first injection
Inferior esophagus	8 (5.4)
Cardia of stomach	36 (24.3)
Fundus of stomach	103 (69.6)
Descending segment of duodenum	1 (0.7)
Multiple injections required	15 (10.1)
Primary hemostasis rate	142 (96.2)
Re-bleeding rate	21 (14.1)
Obliteration rate	104 (70.2)

Table 3 Extrusion time of glue in 148 patients

Time of extrusion	Cumulative glue extrusion rate in numbers (%)
One week	18 (12.2)
Two weeks	64 (43.2)
One month	127 (85.8)
Three months	41 (27.7)
Six months	28 (18.9)

Table 4 The glue clumping shape on X ray examination and endoscopic examination in the fourth week

The glue clumping shape	n (%)
X ray examination
Globular	28 (18.9)
Cord	96 (64.8)
Flower	24 (16.3)
Endoscopy examination
Punctiform	36 (24.3)
Globular	88 (59.4)
Cord	24 (16.3)
The color of extrusion in endoscopy
Black	23 (15.5)
Yellow	77 (52.1)
Brown	48 (32.4)