Effects of Chinese herbs on salivary fluid secretion by isolated and perfused rat submandibular glands

Table 1 Fluid secretion induced by CCh with/without Yin-nourishing CHs in SMG

Time (min)	YZ (n = 12)		SS (n = 12)		MD (n = 12)		TD (n = 10)
	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min
(1) 4.95-5	63.8 ± 11.5	100.6 ± 0.5	69.4 ± 7.0	99.8 ± 0.4	68.3 ± 5.9	100.3 ± 0.3	64.7 ± 5.3	100.9 ± 0.4
(2) 19.95-20	65.3 ± 8.7	112.4 ± 6.3b	42.4 ± 3.4a	65.4 ± 6.4a	77.7 ± 3.8	122.0 ± 11.1a	62.0 ± 2.6	103.2 ± 11.6
(3) 24.95-25	67.0 ± 7.9	118.9 ± 8.1a	45.2 ± 3.4a	69.7 ± 6.7a	80.8 ± 4.1b	125.4 ± 9.3a	75.0 ± 2.8b	124.6 ± 13.9b
(4) 29.95-30	65.8 ± 7.5	117.7 ± 8.8b	40.6 ± 3.6a	62.8 ± 7.5a	80.7 ± 4.7b	123.6 ± 6.9a	77.0 ± 2.7a	127.6 ± 13.5b
(5) 34.95-35	67.9 ± 7.5	122.5 ± 10.2a	32.3 ± 4.9a	49.4 ± 8.3a	78.7± 5.3	119.2 ± 6.0a	75.4 ± 3.5b	125.3 ± 14.5b
(6) 9.95-10	-0.6 ± 0.4	-0.9 ± 1.1	0.8 ± 1.2	1.3 ± 1.7	0.1 ± 0.4	0.2 ± 0.6	-0.3 ± 0.5	-0.1 ± 1.1
(7) 14.95-15	-0.5 ± 1.4	-0.9 ± 3.4	-1.2 ± 0.5	-1.7 ± 0.5	-1.3 ± 0.81	-1.2 ± 1.2	-0.5 ± 0.3	-0.8 ± 0.4

Fluid secretion (FS) induced by (CCh) with/without Chinese herbs (CHs) in SMG. Fluid secretion was expressed in an absolute value (FS in μL/min per g wet weight of the gland) and % of the control value obtained at 5 min from the start of CCh perfusion (mean ± SE). n: The number of sampling points. Column (1) shows the average and SE from data set obtained at 4.95 and 5 min from the start of CCh application. Columns (2)-(5) show the values during addition of CH on CCh stimulation. Columns (6)-(7) show the values 5 min after CCh washing (6) and that under CH addition without CCh (7). t-tests between the control and the values at a fixed time during addition of CH on CCh stimulation are shown. The control and the values at a fixed time during addition of CH on CCh stimulation are shown

^bP < 0.1,

^aP < 0.05 vs FS at 4.95-5 min. YZ: Yuzhu; SS: Shashen; MD: Maimendong; TD: Tianmendong.

Table 2 Fluid secretion induced by CCh with/without body fluid-regenerating/heat-clearing CHs in SMG

Time (min)	GG (n = 12)		WM (n = 12)		SD (n = 12)		CS (n = 12)
	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min
(1) 4.95-5	82.9 ± 7.2	99.9 ± 0.2	66.9 ± 9.7	107.0 ± 3.8	58.5 ± 5.7	97.7 ± 0.3	66.4 ± 6.9	100.6 ± 0.5
(2) 19.95-20	64.0 ± 8.1b	78.4 ± 6.8a	80.9 ± 10.1	116.2 ± 4.2	51.7 ± 6.0	86.9 ± 5.1a	86.0 ± 5.6a	140.1 ± 10.4b
(3) 24.95-25	60.4 ± 8.5a	76.5 ± 8.6a	88.4 ± 9.9	130.0 ± 6.5a	56.2 ± 4.9	95.4 ± 3.2	101.2 ± 4.7a	168.0 ± 14.5b
(4) 29.95-30	55.4 ± 8.2a	70.4 ± 8.4a	85.3 ± 7.3	129.3 ± 8.7a	54.5 ± 3.4	94.2 ± 4.4	106.7 ± 5.5a	179.4 ± 17.9b
(5) 34.95-35	50.8 ± 8.2a	63.7 ± 8.0a	83.2 ± 6.6	127.5 ± 9.6b	49.7 ± 3.2	85.8 ± 3.4a	109.6 ± 6.3a	184.64 ± 18.5b
(6) 9.95-10	1.6 ± 0.7	2.2 ± 1.2	-0.9 ± 0.3	-1.1 ± 0.3	-0.4 ± 0.7	-1.1 ± 1.1	-0.9 ± 0.4	-1.3 ± 0.6
(7) 14.95-15	-1.7 ± 0.6c	-2.4 ± 1.0c	-0.7 ± 0.2	-1.1 ± 0.3	-1.7 ± 1.4	-3.5 ± 2.3	0.6 ± 1.6	1.8 ± 3.1

t-tests between the control and the values at a fixed time during addition of CH on CCh stimulation are shown

^bP < 0.1,

^aP < 0.05 vs FS at 4.95-5 min,

^cP < 0.05 vs FS at 9.95-10 min. GG: Gegen; WM: Wumei; SD: Shengdihuang; CS: Chishao.

Table 3 Fluid secretion induced by CCh with/without Qi-enhancing/Blood-activating CHs in SMG

Time (min)	HQ (n = 12)		TZS (n = 10)		GC (n = 10)		DS (n = 12)
	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min
(1) 4.95-5	79.1 ± 3.5	99.6 ± 0.1	80.3 ± 7.0	101.1 ± 0.5	51.8 ± 4.3	101.7 ± 0.6	71.6 ± 8.0	101.9 ± 1.8
(2) 19.95-20	115.5 ± 3.6a	146.8 ± 4.4a	95.7 ± 8.8	122.7 ± 7.0a	101.5 ± 8.9a	204.4 ± 6.8a	126.5 ± 11.5a	194.8 ± 20.4a
(3) 24.95-25	107.6 ± 4.2a	137.2 ± 6.0a	103.6 ± 8.3a	135.3 ± 9.5a	69.2 ± 6.2a	144.0 ± 14.1a	50.3 ± 10.4	75.0 ± 11.7a
(4) 29.95-30	96.6 ± 3.5a	123.6 ± 6.0a	100.5 ± 7.9b	132.0 ± 11.0a	38.3 ± 4.7a	82.3 ± 15.3	31.3 ± 3.7a	50.7 ± 8.1a
(5) 34.95-35	86.9 ± 3.8	112.0 ± 6.1a	91.7 ± 7.1	121.6 ± 10.2b	24.0 ± 3.5a	50.0 ± 7.9a	35.1 ± 3.0a	56.9 ± 7.3a
(6) 9.95-10	2.2 ± 2.5	2.2 ± 2.6	-0.2 ± 0.3	-0.6 ± 0.2	-0.2 ± 0.2	-6.3 ± 3.5	0.7 ± 0.5	1.5 ± 1.0
(7) 14.95-15	5.9 ± 2.0	7.4 ± 2.3	-0.4 ± 0.3	-0.1 ± 0.5	25.4 ± 2.7c	50.5 ± 4.7c	7.4 ± 1.8c	12.0 ± 3.1c

The control and the values at a fixed time during addition of CH on CCh stimulation are shown

^bP < 0.1,

^aP < 0.05 vs FS at 4.95-5 min,

^cP < 0.05 vs FS at 9.95-10 min. HQ: Huangqi; TZS: Taizishen; GC: Gancao; DS: Danshen.

Table 4 Fluid secretion induced by CCh with/without Phlegm-resolving/Body mass-softening/resolving CHs in SMG

Time (min)	ZJC (n = 10)		ZY (n = 12)		TR (n = 10)		CSJ (n = 10)
	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min	FS (μL/g per min)	% of FS at 5 min
(1) 4.95-5	67.0 ± 7.9	100.5 ± 0.7	63.5 ± 6.4	101.7 ± 0.3	53.8 ± 4.4	102.1 ± 0.8	46.2 ± 5.6	100.3 ± 0.4
(2) 19.95-20	85.9 ± 7.0b	135.2 ± 6.3a	70.8 ± 2.9	121.0 ± 8.5a	57.6 ± 4.2	111.0 ± 5.9	49.8 ± 6.7	107.2 ± 2.7a
(3) 24.95-25	98.3 ± 7.8a	154.7 ± 7.1a	83.8 ± 4.7a	141.0 ± 7.6a	66.0 ± 5.4b	126.0 ± 8.5a	55.4 ± 8.3	118.8 ± 8.0a
(4) 29.95-30	97.1 ± 7.8a	152.4 ± 6.4a	85.6 ± 5.6a	142.9 ± 7.1a	63.5 ± 5.2	121.9 ± 8.1a	54.1 ± 7.6	117.0 ± 8.9b
(5) 34.95-35	94.1 ± 7.4a	148.1 ± 6.9a	80.5 ± 5.0a	134.3 ± 6.5a	59.9 ± 5.4	114.3 ± 7.2b	50.8 ± 7.3	109.9 ± 9.2
(6) 9.95-10	1.6 ± 1.0	2.5 ± 1.4	1.4 ± 1.5	3.5 ± 3.1	-1.2 ± 0.7	-2.4 ± 1.5	0.5 ± 0.6	0.2 ± 0.9
(7) 14.95-15	1.0 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 1.3	-0.9 ± 0.3	-1.5 ± 0.6	-2.2 ± 1.0	-4.5 ± 2.0	2.3 ± 1.4	3.4 ± 1.8

The control and the values at a fixed time during addition of CH on CCh stimulation are shown

^bP < 0.1,

^aP < 0.05 vs FS at 4.95-5 min. ZJC: Zaojioci; ZY: Ziyuan; TR: Taoren; CSJ: Chuanshanjia.