Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is essential in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma

Table 1 Correlation of of PPARγ protein expression in gastric carcinoma with clinicopathological features

Clinicopathological features	n	PPARγ protein		χ2	P
		+	-
Histologic subtype	138			24.663	0.000
Intestinal type	63	60	3
Diffuse type	75	44	31
Depth of invasion	138			1.183	0.277
Serosal	24	16	8
Out of serosa	114	88	26
Vessel invasion	138			0.065	0.799
Absent	120	90	30
Present	18	14	4
Lymph node metastasis	138			0.309	0.578
Absent	36	28	8
Present	102	76	28
Distant metastasis	138			0.535	0.464
Absent	126	96	30
Present	12	8	4
Clinical stage1	126			0.017	0.897
I-II	39	30	9
III-IV	87	61	26

¹Because clinical staging could not be performed because of the lack of accurate records about lymph nodes, data of 12 cases were not included in the statistical analysis.

Table 2 Effect of various concentrations of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin-J2 (15d-PGJ₂) on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells after 24 h [(mean ± SD) %]

15d-PGJ2 concentration (μmol/L)	Proliferative inhibition rate	Apoptosis rate	Cell cycle distribution
			G1/G0	S	G2/M
0	0.22 ± 0.11	0.37 ± 1.03	31.33 ± 2.31	60.33 ± 1.15	8.33 ± 1.15
0.01	0.21 ± 0.10
0.1	0.21 ± 0.12
1	0.23 ± 0.12
5	7.47 ± 0.49d	7.89 ± 1.07d
10	11.49 ± 1.00d	11.41 ± 1.47d
20	14.36 ± 1.53d	14.27 ± 1.62d
30	38.23 ± 1.36d	34.64 ± 0.99d	61.33 ± 1.53d	36.00 ± 1.00d	2.67 ± 0.58b
40	57.00 ± 1.24d	55.35 ± 1.88d

^bP < 0.01,

^dP < 0.001 compared with 0 μmol/L group.

Table 3 Effect of GW9662 in various concentrations on the proliferation of MGC803 cells and on 15d-PGJ₂ inhibition of proliferation of MGC803 cells after 24 h [(mean ± SD) %]

15d-PGJ2 concentration (μmol/L)	Proliferative inhibition rate of GW9662 (μmol/L)
	0	0.01	0.1	1	2.5	5
	0.19 ± 0.11	0.20 ± 0.12	0.20 ± 0.11	0.19 ± 0.12	3.20 ± 0.13b	5.29 ± 0.14b
5	7.47 ± 0.49	7.49 ± 0.52	7.50 ± 0.50	7.52 ± 0.49
10	11.49 ± 1.00	11.50 ± 1.00	11.52 ± 1.03	11.53 ± 1.04
20	14.36 ± 1.53	14.42 ± 1.62	14.44 ± 1.53	14.36 ± 1.53
30	38.23 ± 1.36	38.33 ± 1.42	38.34 ± 1.36	38.43 ± 1.36
40	57.00 ± 1.24	57.06 ± 1.34	57.10 ± 1.24	57.12 ± 1.34

^bP < 0.001 compared with 0 μmol/L group of GW9662.