Clinicopathological analysis of paraganglioma with literature review

Table 1 Expression of markers in paragangliomas by immunohistochemistry

Markers	Positive rate in benign groups (%)	Positive rate in malignant groups (%)
NSE	99.0	100.0
S100	84.6	71.4
Syn	85.9	95.0
CgA	92.7	88.2
CK	22.2	5.3
Vimentin	76.9	12.5

Table 2 Classification and characteristics of familial paraganglioma syndromes[8]

		Adrenal	Extra-adrenal Sympathetic	Parasympathetic
Familial paraganglioma 1	SDHD	+	+	+
Familial paraganglioma 3	SDHC			+
Familial paraganglioma 4	SDHB	+	+	+

Table 3 Pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland scoring scale (PASS)[22]

Feature	Score if present (No. of points assigned)
Large nests or diffuse growth (> 10% of tumor volume)	2
Central (middle of large nests) or confluent tumor necrosis (not degenerative change)	2
High cellularity	2
Cellular monotony	2
Tumor cell spindling (even if focal)	2
Mitotic figures > 3/10 HPF	2
Atypical mitotic figure(s)	2
Extension into adipose tissue	2
Vascular invasion	1
Capsular invasion	1
Profound nuclear pleomorphism	1
Nuclear hyperchromasia	1
Total	20

HPF: High-power field.